Acute myocardial infarction without thrombolytic therapy: Beneficial effects of magnesium sulfate

Abstract

Only one third of hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receive thrombolytic therapy despite its proven benefits on outcomes. Elderly patients, have a greater risk of death during myocardial infarction; however, thrombolytic therapy appears to be less used in these patients, as compared to the general AMI-patients. In order to evaluate the impact of magnesium supplementation in AMI-patients without thrombolytic therapy, 194 patients participated in a prospective, randomized and placebo-controlled study: 96 patients received a 48-hour intravenous magnesium sulfate and 98 isotonic glucose as placebo. Magnesium infusion reduced the incidence of arrhythmias, congestive heart failure and in-hospital-mortality compared with placebo (27 vs. 40%, p = 0.04; 18 vs. 23%, p = 0.27; 4 vs. 17%, p < 0.01, respectively); in the subgroup of elderly patients (> 70 years), the benefit was also obvious (42 vs. 50%; 18 vs. 25%; 9 vs. 23%, p = 0.09, respectively). These data suggest that intravenous magnesium supplementation might be justified in order to reduce myocardial damage and mortality rate in subsets of high-risk patients such the elderly and/or patients not suitable for thrombolysis. Additional trials appear to be indicated to evaluate the potential benefit of magnesium in well defined specific subsets of AMT-patients.