Acute myonecrosis in horse caused by Clostridium novyi type A

Farias, Luana D’Avila; Azevedo, Marcos da Silva; Trost, María Elisa; Côrte, Flávio Desessards De La; Irigoyen, Luiz Francisco; Vargas, Águeda Castagna de

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822014005000023

Cited by 13 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Malignant edema is a clostridial infection that mainly affects ruminants (Odani et al 2009), horses (Peek et al 2003, Raymundo et al 2010, Farias et al 2014 and other mammals and birds (Silva et al 2016b). It is due to contamination of wounds by bacteria of the genus Clostridium including one or more of the following: Clostridium septicum, Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium novyi type A, Clostridium perfringens type A, and Clostridium sordellii (Prescott 2016, Silva et al 2016b).…”

Section: Results and Adiscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.

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Section: Results and Adiscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

et al. 2019

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“…Myonecrosis after intramuscular injections is uncommon, but has been noted after the administration of certain drugs, such as flunixin meglumine (2,4,18,19), ivermectin (16,22), antihistamines (4,18,24), phenylbutazone (18,19), hyoscine (7), dipyrone (7,18,24), vitamin B (4,13,18,22), vitamin complex (10), vitamin E and selenium (4), selenium (18), iron (18), aminopropazine (19), synthetic prostaglandins (20,22), xylazine (14), epinephrine (18), rabies vaccine (18), influenza/rhinopneumonitis vaccine (18) and dexamethasone (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fallax, Cl. sordelli (7,10,11,13,15,(18)(19)(20)22). Myonecrosis/myositis following an intramuscular injection is not influenced by the injection technique (6).…”

Section: Opis Przypadkumentioning

confidence: 99%

Myonecrosis in a horse after an intramuscular injection of menbutone

Słowikowska¹,

Siwińska²,

Żak³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Myonecrosis after intramuscular injections is not common, but may be life-threatening. This case report describes myonecrosis following an accidental intramuscular injection of menbutone. A three-year-old bay French Trotter stallion with a history of weak appetite and colic lasting ten days was treated by a field veterinarian. During the course of treatment, he was given paraffin oil and antihelminthics orally, antispasmodics, analgesics, steroids and antibiotics intravenously, as well as choleretics intramuscularly. The horse was apathetic and weak with a “tucked up” abdomen and had grade 2 ataxia, according to Mayhew’s grading system. The patient had a swollen neck on both sides and a swelling of the right front limb and the carpal area of the left front limb. The neck edema was painful and warm. The neck area was prepared and punctured; a malodorous fluid was obtained for cytology. In the material obtained, there were anaerobic rod bacteria diagnosed as Clostridium spp. Surgical fenestration and debridement were performed. The wounds were cleaned every day. The horse was given antibiotics, nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs, fluids and gastroprotectives. After five weeks of intensive care, the condition of the horse stabilized, and significant improvement was observed. Myonecrosis may be a rare life-threatening complication following intramuscular injections or wound contamination. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first published report of myonecrosis after menbutone injections in the horse..

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“…Several different species of Clostridium bacteria can cause myonecrosis (gas gangrene), as a result of the infection of muscle tissue. In Equine species, the following species have been reported: C. fallax, C. septicum, C. chauvoei, C. sporogenes, C. novyi Type A and, more commonly, C. perfringens (Farias et al 2014).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clostridium novyi type A had previously been described as the causal agent of an acute myonecrosis in a horse (Farias et al 2014), which most likely started after an intramuscular injection. Deep puncture wounds can provide an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria, particularly anaerobic microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myonecrosis caused by double infection of S. equi subspecies zooepidermicus and Clostridium novyi type A in a horse

García¹,

Molino²,

Galapero³

et al. 2020

PHK

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This case report describes the lesions and clinical findings in a horse sent to the Clinical Veterinary Hospital of the University of Extremadura for an infected wound, on the lateral aspect of the left hind limb. The infection was caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Clostridium novyi type A, a bacterial co-infection that could eventually lead to synergistic infection and fatal myonecrosis. It is possible that prior infection with aerobic or facultative bacteria, such as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, as part of the bacterial flora of horses, may promote, by creating a low potential redox environment, the germination of Clostridium novyi type A spores. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the second report of Clostridium novyi type A as a causative agent of myonecrosis in horses. The anaerobic bacteria involved in clinical cases may be underreported due to the difficulty and inefficiency of culturing these microorganisms on some occasions.

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Acute myonecrosis in horse caused by Clostridium novyi type A

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

Clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A forty-year survey (1978-2018) and a brief review of the literature

Myonecrosis in a horse after an intramuscular injection of menbutone

Myonecrosis caused by double infection of S. equi subspecies zooepidermicus and Clostridium novyi type A in a horse

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