Acute Neuromuscular Responses to Whole-Body Vibration of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Individuals: A Randomized Pilot Study

Abstract

Background: Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is one of the most important causes of morbidity in lupus individuals. Whole body vibration exercises (WBVE) may be a safe alternative to prevent and amend muscular and bone damage, and decrease muscle related risk factors for falls. It is possible to evaluate neuromuscular responses to the WBVE through surface electromyography (sEMG). Objective: To analyze and compare the acute responses of the WBVE on sEMG of lower limbs of female systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) individuals with chronic glucocorticoid use with and without bone impairments and non-lupus controls. Methods: All patients (non-lupus and with SLE) had a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan (body composition, bone composition right hip, lumbar segment and whole body). After DXA, they were divided into three groups: SLE with osteopenia (OPIA) (SLE OPIA), SLE without OP or OPIA (SLE) and non-lupus individuals as control (CG). Twenty-seven women were submitted to WBVE, on different frequencies with the same amplitude. The experiment was performed over two days, 48 h apart. The individuals stood at a half squat position on a vertical vibrating platform at different frequencies with the same amplitude on both days. Vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and tibialis anterioris (TA) sEMG analyses were undertaken simultaneously while performing the exercises, in a randomized manner. Results: There were no differences between sarcopenia index among groups, despite the bone impairment of the SLE OPIA group. The greatest muscle activation occurred in the lower frequency applied for VL. A group x frequency difference was found only for GM (p = 0.034; η2 = 0.272). Conclusion: The results indicate that lupus individuals have similar neuromuscular activity to the WBVE as non-lupus controls. Moreover, this suggests that WBVE is a safe and viable physical exercise for lupus individuals with chronic glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis.