Acute oral, pulmonary and intravenous toxicity/pathogenicity testing of a new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis SH-14 in rats

Mancebo, A.; Molier, T.; González, B.; Lugo, S.; Riera, Ludovica; Arteaga, M.E.; Bada, A.M.; González, Yana; Pupo, Mônica Tallarico; Hernandez, Yazmin; Gonzalez, Celia; Rojas, Nidia; Rodríguez, Graciela

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.10.003

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…After fasting for 3 h, methanolic extracts and live cells (spore suspensions) were administered to each treatment group [31]. Prior to the administration of methanolic extracts and spore suspensions, the body weights of the mice were measured using analytical balance to prepare appropriate doses [31,41,42]. The animals in the experimental groups (n = 5) were administered with four distinct concentrations of spores (1 × 10 6 , 1 × 10 7 , 1 × 10 8 and 1 × 10 9 spores/mL) and four distinct concentrations of methanolic extracts (600, 1200, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg bw).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal compounds, GC-MS analysis and toxicity assessment of methanolic extracts of Trichoderma species in an animal model

et al. 2022

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Fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been marketed for the management of diseases of crops. However, some Trichoderma species may produce toxic secondary metabolites and it should receive due attention to ensure human safety. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antagonistic potential of T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 as microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs) against Fusarium xylarioides and the associated antagonistic mechanism with bioactive substances. Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate the in vivo toxicity and pathogenicity of T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 methanolic extracts and spore suspensions, respectively, in a preliminary safety assessment for use as biofungicides. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to profile volatile organic metabolites (VOCs) present in the methanolic extracts. The agar diffusion assay of the methanolic extracts from both T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 were effective at a concentration of 200 μg/mL (1×107 spores/mL), causing 62.5%, and 74.3% inhibition, respectively. A GC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts from both bioagents identified 23 VOCs which classified as alcohols, acids, sesquiterpenes, ketones and aromatic compounds. The oral administration of methanolic extracts and spore suspensions of each Trichoderma species to female Swiss albino mice over 14 days did not show any significant signs of toxicity, mortality or changes to body weight. It can be concluded that the tested spore suspensions and methanolic extracts were not pathogenic or toxic, respectively, when administered to Swiss albino mice at various doses.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal compounds, GC-MS analysis and toxicity assessment of methanolic extracts of Trichoderma species in an animal model

et al. 2022

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“…After fasting for 3 h, crude extracts and live cells (spore suspensions) were administered to each treatment group [29]. Prior to the administration of crude extracts and spore suspensions, the body weights of the mice were measured using analytical balance to prepare appropriate doses [29,38,39]. The animals in the experimental groups (n=5) were administered with four distinct concentrations of spores (1× 10 6 ,1× 10 7 , 1× 10 8 and 1× 10 9 spores/mL) and four distinct concentrations of crude extracts (600, 1200, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg bw).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassay evaluation, GC-MS Analysis and Acute Toxicity Assessment of Methanolic Extracts of Trichoderma species in an Animal Model

Mulatu

Megersa

Tolcha

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been marketed for the control of crop pests, weeds, and diseases. However, some Trichoderma species may produce toxic secondary metabolites; the existence of these compounds in bioformulated products, along with their relative risk, should receive due attention to ensure human safety. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antagonistic potential of T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 as a biocontrol agent against F. xylarioides and the associated antagonistic mechanism with bioactive substances. Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate the in vivo toxicity and pathogenicity of T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 methanolic crude extracts and spore suspensions, respectively, in a preliminary safety assessment for use as biofungicides. Metabolite profiling of the crude extracts were performed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The agar diffusion assay of the crude extracts from both T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 were the most effective at a concentration of 200μg/mL, causing 62.5%, and 74.3% inhibition, respectively. A GC-MS analysis of crude extracts from both bioagents identified 23 volatile secondary metabolites classified as alcohols, acids, sesquiterpenes, ketones and aromatic compounds. The oral administration of crude extracts (doses of 600, 1200, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight) and spore suspensions (doses of 1 × 106, 1 × 107, 1 × 108 and 1 × 109 spores/mL) to female Swiss albino mice over 14 days did not show any significant signs of toxicity, mortality or changes to body weight. The highest dose, 5000 mg/kg, can be used to determine the no observed effect level of crude extracts and spore suspensions of T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 when calculating safety margins. It can be concluded that these two Trichoderma species can serve as a biocontrol agents against F. xylarioides and the mechanism for this function was due to the secondary metabolites with effective bioactive substance. Moreover, the tested spore suspensions and crude extracts were not pathogenic or toxic, respectively, when administered to Swiss albino mice at various doses.

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“…Methods presented in the protocol of The Microbial Pesticide Test Guidelines of the Environmental Protection Agency of the USA (US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1996 ) that evaluate risks to humans and domestic animals are carried out using live microorganisms such as Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis SH-14 in rats, Beauveria bassiana , and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus in mice (Mier et al, 2005 ; Zimmermann, 2007 ; Mancebo et al, 2011 ). Despite the rigorous risk assessment protocol, epidemiologic studies have previously demonstrated the correlation of exposure to fungal organisms and frequency of diseases.…”

Section: Biocontrol Agents and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Human Immune Response by Fungal Biocontrol Agents

et al. 2017

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Although the vast majority of biological control agents is generally regarded as safe for humans and environment, the increased exposure of agriculture workers, and consumer population to fungal substances may affect the immune system. Those compounds may be associated with both intense stimulation, resulting in IgE-mediated allergy and immune downmodulation induced by molecules such as cyclosporin A and mycotoxins. This review discusses the potential effects of biocontrol fungal components on human immune responses, possibly associated to infectious, inflammatory diseases, and defective defenses.

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Acute oral, pulmonary and intravenous toxicity/pathogenicity testing of a new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis SH-14 in rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Antifungal compounds, GC-MS analysis and toxicity assessment of methanolic extracts of Trichoderma species in an animal model

Antifungal compounds, GC-MS analysis and toxicity assessment of methanolic extracts of Trichoderma species in an animal model

Bioassay evaluation, GC-MS Analysis and Acute Toxicity Assessment of Methanolic Extracts of Trichoderma species in an Animal Model

Modulation of Human Immune Response by Fungal Biocontrol Agents

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