Acute Oral Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Polysaccharide Fraction from Young Barley Leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Cho, Chang‐Won; Song, Young-Ran; Lim, Won-Chul; Hwang, Youn–Hwan; Rhee, Young Kyoung; Choi, Jae Woong; Lee, Kyung Tae; Hong, Hee‐Do

doi:10.3390/foods9060809

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These elements include compositional analysis, chemical structure analysis, and toxicity studies [23]. Safety evaluations are critical when new compounds/foods are introduced to the marketplace [24,25]. In our preliminary studies, we elucidated two new lignans and isolated six known compounds from KP-1 that showed neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects [9,10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single and Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Leaves of Butterbur

Park

Lim²,

Lee

et al. 2021

Foods

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Butterbur (Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim) leaves are available to consumers in the marketplace, but there is no guarantee that they are safe for human consumption. Previously, we demonstrated that hot water extracts of P. japonicus leaves (KP-1) had anti-inflammatory properties and attenuated memory impairment. However, data regarding KP-1 toxicity are lacking. This study assessed the safety of KP-1 by examining oral and genotoxic effects using in vivo and in vitro tests, respectively. In a single oral dose toxicity and two-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, we observed no toxicologically significant clinical signs or changes in hematology, blood chemistry, and organ weights at any dose during the experiment. Following a thirteen-week repeated oral dose, toxicity, hyperkeratosis, and squamous cell hyperplasia of the limiting ridge in the stomach were observed. The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) was found to be 1250 mg/kg/day in male and female rats. However, hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia were not considered to be of toxicological significance when extrapolating the NOAEL to humans because the limiting ridge in the stomach is species-specific to rats. Therefore, in our study, the NOAEL was considered to be 5000 mg/kg/day when the changes in the stomach’s limiting ridge were discounted. Moreover, in vitro bacterial reverse mutations and chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells and the in vivo micronucleus in Institute of cancer research (ICR) mice assays showed that KP-1 possessed no mutagenicity. Although additional research is required, these toxicological evaluations suggest that KP-1 could be safe for human consumption.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single and Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Leaves of Butterbur

Park

Lim²,

Lee

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Most active extracts derived from herbal medicines are considered safe, but some of them have known toxicities [ 35 , 36 ]. Therefore, the scientific evaluation and basis for the safety of extracts are considered important and essential [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The crude polysaccharides extracted from MOR have diverse pharmacological effects, which indicates great potential for applications in the development of new food raw material or functional food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Extraction Process, Preliminary Characterization and Safety Study of Crude Polysaccharides from Morindae Officinalis Radix

Chen

Cai

Zhao

et al. 2023

Foods

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In this study, the hot water extraction process of crude polysaccharides from Morindae officinalis radix (cMORP) was conducted and optimized through a single-factor test and orthogonal experimental design. With the optimal extraction process (extraction temperature of 80 °C, extraction time of 2 h, liquid/solid ratio of 15 mL/g, and number of extraction of 1), the cMORP was obtained by the ethanol precipitation method. The chemical properties and preliminary characterization of the cMORP were analyzed by chemical or instrumental methods. Furthermore, to indicate a preliminary study on safety, a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) was administered orally to Kunming (KM) mice for acute toxicity, and the cMORP was administered orally to KM mice once a day at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW for 30 days. General behaviors, body weight variations, histopathology, relative organ weights, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters were observed and recorded. The results suggested there were no toxicologically significant changes. Based on the safety study, cMORP can be initially considered non-toxic with no acute oral toxicity up to 5000 mg/kg BW and safe at up to 100 mg/kg BW in KM mice for 30 days.

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“…It holds great economic and medicinal value [29]. In past the members of the family Poaceae are investigated for phytochemicals screening [30], elemental analysis and antioxidant activity [31], proximate composition [32], genotoxic activity [33] and antidiarrheal activity [34]. There is no literature are present on pharmacognostic evaluation of the selected plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS analysis, Elemental and Nutritional Composition and Biological Investigation of Medicinally Valued Fingerhuthia africana Lehm.

Ullah,

Adil,

Filimban

2023

Preprint

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Fingerhuthia africana Lehm belongs to family Poaceae, is an erect perennial grass used traditionally to cure different diseases. The current study was carried out to find the bioactive compounds by GC-MS, elemental analysis through atomic absorption spectrophotometry, proximate analysis by AOAC, genotoxic activity through comet assay, antioxidant activity through DPPH and antidiarrheal activity through castor oil induce diarrhea followed by charcoal meal on mice model. GC-MS chromatogram represents different compounds detected in the crude extract. Major pharmacological bioactive compounds are 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-; 4-Methyl itaconate; .alpha.-Terpineol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-acetate; Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-; Caryophyllene oxide; Hinesol; n-Hexadecanoic acid; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester; Hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester. Elemental analysis of stem, leaves and roots of the plant show the presence of (macro and micro) nutrients such as Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cd and Co were absent in all parts. Proximate analysis of different parts revealed the presence of moisture contents (8.57%), ash (9.77%), fats contents (5.96%), fibers contents (45.03%), protein (3.62%), carbohydrates (39.71%) and Gross energy (Kcal/100g) (220.10). The ethanolic extract show dose-dependent genoprotective potential (127.38 ± 1.16), (83.28 ± 0.65), and (44.08 ± 1.40) at 50, 75, and 100 mg/100 ml, respectively, as compared to the methanolic extract which show genotoxic activity (85.13 ± 1.23) at high dose. After 90 minutes at a concentration of 300 (g/ml), methanolic extract demonstrated the greatest antioxidant potential (79.5%), followed by aqueous extract (76.5%). The methanolic extract of F. africana demonstrated antidiarrheal efficacy, with the maximum inhibition of charcoal movement (83.78%) occurring at a dosage of 300 mg/kg, followed by doses of 200 and 100 mg/kg, 73.26% and 59.56%, respectively. The current research highlights that the plant contains a substantial quantity of micro and macro nutrients, possesses high nutritional value, and exhibits pharmacological activities. These properties render the plant suitable for developing remedies to treat various therapeutic diseases.

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Acute Oral Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Polysaccharide Fraction from Young Barley Leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Single and Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Leaves of Butterbur

Single and Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Leaves of Butterbur

Optimization of Extraction Process, Preliminary Characterization and Safety Study of Crude Polysaccharides from Morindae Officinalis Radix

GC-MS analysis, Elemental and Nutritional Composition and Biological Investigation of Medicinally Valued Fingerhuthia africana Lehm.

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