Acute oral toxicity of 3-MCPD mono- and di-palmitic esters in Swiss mice and their cytotoxicity in NRK-52E rat kidney cells

Liu, Man; Gao, Boyan; Qin, Fang; Wu, Pingping; H, Shi; Luo, Wei; Ma, Aiqun; Jiang, Yuanrong; Xu, Xuebing; Yu, Liangli

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.038

Cited by 80 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A more recent oral 13-week study with rats revealed similar subchronic toxic effects of 3-MCPD fatty acid esters in comparison with free 3-MCPD (Onami et al 2014b). In an acute oral toxicity study, 3-MCPD esters induced acute kidney toxicity including renal tubular necrosis (Liu et al 2012). There are, however, no data available so far concerning the molecular mechanisms of 3-MCPD fatty acid ester-induced nephrotoxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Proteomic analysis of 3-MCPD and 3-MCPD dipalmitate-induced toxicity in rat kidney

et al. 2015

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3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and its fatty acid esters are formed during thermal treatment of fat-containing foodstuff in the presence of salt. Toxicological studies indicate a carcinogenic potential of 3-MCPD, pointing to the kidney as the main target organ. It is assumed that the toxicological property of 3-MCPD esters is constituted by the release of 3-MCPD during digestion. In a repeated-dose 28-day oral toxicity study using Wistar rats, animals were treated with equimolar doses of either 3-MCPD (10 mg/kg body weight) or 3-MCPD dipalmitate (53 mg/kg body weight). A lower dose of 3-MCPD dipalmitate (13.3 mg/kg body weight) was also applied. No histopathologically visible toxicity was observed in the study. To address molecular mechanisms leading to toxicity of 3-MCPD and its esters, kidney samples were analyzed by a comparative, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry proteomic approach. After either 3-MCPD or 3-MCPD dipalmitate treatment, alterations in proteins related to various metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism, were detected. These findings confirm and complement previous data on the inhibition of glucose metabolism by 3-MCPD. Altogether, broad overlap of 3-MCPD- and 3-MCPD dipalmitate-induced proteomic changes was observed. Further analyses revealed that the observed induction of glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (Gstp1) occurred at the transcriptional level and was not related to nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 activation. Overall, the results indicate common mechanisms of toxicity for 3-MCPD and its dipalmitate ester. Furthermore, data suggest Gstp1 as a sensitive marker for early 3-MCPD-induced effects in rat kidney.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Proteomic analysis of 3-MCPD and 3-MCPD dipalmitate-induced toxicity in rat kidney

et al. 2015

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“…Recently, a few studies (Barocelli et al 2011;Liu et al 2012;Tee et al 2011) had evaluated toxicological properties of 3-MCPD esters using in vitro and in vivo approaches and confirmed the oral toxicity and cytotoxicity of 3-MCPD mono-and di-fatty acid esters. Studies showed the occurrence of 3-MCPD-esters in fatty food stuffs (Doležal et al 2005;Hamlet and Sadd 2004;Zelinková et al 2009;Zelinková et al 2006), even in human breast milk (Zelinková et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Determination of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-Diol Esters in Edible Oil―Method Validation and Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty

Jia

Wang

et al. 2015

Food Anal. Methods

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A gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of the sum of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters in edible oils. Meanwhile, the measurement uncertainty was estimated. Testing sample preparation was optimized, and the optimal condition was attained. Good linearity was observed with the GC-MS method for the concentration range of 0.05-5.0 mg/kg (R 2 = 0.9994). It was proved to be an accurate and precise method for the determination of 3-MCPD esters according to the validation results. The recovery range was 89.0-104.6 %, and the limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 25 and 50 μg/kg, respectively. Satisfactory reproducibility was achieved with lower than 15 %. Repeatability was determined and expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), with the value range of 3.9-12.0 %.The contents of 3-MCPD esters were determined in 12 kinds of oils using this method. Measurement uncertainties were calculated by applying bottom-up approach. The main dominant sources were identified and quantified, which were standard solutions preparation, recovery, and calibration curve. It reminds that the predominant uncertainty sources should be paid much more attention during preparing the testing samples in the future.

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“…Porém, a severidade dos efeitos observados foi menos acentuada, indicando que a cinética da hidrólise pode ter um papel importante na toxicidade dos compostos. Os órgãos mais afetados foram os rins e os testículos, e a dose que provocou um aumento de 10% na incidência dessas alterações (BMD 10 ) foi calculada em 41,1 e 64,4 mg/kg pc/dia, 28 O estudo também confirmou que os rins e os testículos são os órgãos críticos para o desenvolvimento dos efeitos adversos.…”

Section: Toxicidadeunclassified

“…28 Outros autores também relataram o potencial citotóxico de monoésteres de 3-MCPD. 27 Enquanto 3-MCPD-1-monopalmitato e 3-MCPD-1-monoestearato mostraram toxicidade celular a 200000 ppm com 50% de concentração inibitória (70000 e 31000 ppm, respectivamente), o 3-MCPD-2-monooleato apresentou efeito tóxico a 781 ppm (50% de concentração inibitória, 520 ppm), indicando que o tipo de ácido graxo e sua posição na molécula podem exercer influência significativa na toxicidade celular.…”

Section: Toxicidadeunclassified

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Ésteres de cloropropanóis e de glicidol em alimentos

Arisseto¹,

Marcolino²,

Vicente³

et al. 2013

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 2/4/13; aceito em 11/7/13; publicado na web em 9/8/13 CHLOROPROPANOLS AND GLYCIDYL ESTERS IN FOODS. Chloropropanols are a well-known group of food processing contaminants. They are formed through the reaction between lipids and chlorides when submitted to thermal treatment, and can be found in free and bound form. Although free chloropropanols were identified around 30 years ago, the occurrence of bound forms, especially 3-MCPD, and glycidyl fatty acid esters, has only recently been reported in several food products. Dietary exposure to these ester-bound compounds has been considered a priority food safety issue since free forms can be potentially released through the action of gut lipases, representing a major toxicological concern.Keywords: 3-MCPD esters; glycidyl esters; oil refining. INTRODUÇÃOA formação de compostos tóxicos durante o processamento de alimentos tem sido considerada uma importante questão em relação à segurança alimentar. Estes compostos, que não são detectados na matéria-prima, podem ser formados por reações químicas entre substâncias naturalmente presentes e/ou adicionadas aos alimentos, durante processos envolvendo a utilização de altas temperaturas, fermentação, hidrólise e defumação, entre outros. A preocupação associada à ocorrência de tais contaminantes na dieta se justifica pelos riscos que eles podem representar à saúde do consumidor, uma vez que muitos deles são considerados possíveis ou prováveis agentes carcinógenos em seres humanos. 1 Embora a exposição humana a estas substâncias esteja ocorrendo há algumas gerações, sua presença em alimentos começou a ser descoberta somente por volta de 1960. Alguns exemplos incluem a identificação de N-nitrosaminas em peixes e carnes curadas, de aminas heterocíclicas em carnes e peixes grelhados e de cloropropanóis, entre eles o 3-monocloropropano-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), em proteína vegetal hidrolisada.2-4 Na última década, esta classe de contaminantes recebeu uma atenção ainda maior, devido à descoberta da formação de acrilamida e furano durante o tratamento térmico de uma grande variedade de alimentos que são regularmente consumidos pela população. 5,6 Adicional interesse por estes compostos foi despertado após a detecção de altos níveis de 3-MCPD ligado a ácidos graxos (ésteres de 3-MCPD) em diversos alimentos processados. 7A presença de ésteres de 3-MCPD em alimentos levantou uma preocupação imediata na comunidade científica mundial devido à possibilidade destes compostos representarem uma fonte adicional de exposição ao 3-MCPD, até então não conhecida, caso fossem hidrolisados pelas enzimas do sistema digestivo humano.8-11 Esta preocupação justifica-se pelo fato de que o 3-MCPD tem mostrado propriedades nefrotóxicas bem como capacidade de afetar a fertilidade e de induzir câncer em experimentos realizados com animais. 12Em um estudo preliminar realizado na Alemanha , considerando--se os níveis de ésteres de 3-MCPD encontrados em alimentos e assumindo que 100% destes ésteres são hidrolisados durante a digestão, foi possível verifica...

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Acute oral toxicity of 3-MCPD mono- and di-palmitic esters in Swiss mice and their cytotoxicity in NRK-52E rat kidney cells

Cited by 80 publications

References 16 publications

Proteomic analysis of 3-MCPD and 3-MCPD dipalmitate-induced toxicity in rat kidney

Proteomic analysis of 3-MCPD and 3-MCPD dipalmitate-induced toxicity in rat kidney

Determination of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-Diol Esters in Edible Oil―Method Validation and Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty

Ésteres de cloropropanóis e de glicidol em alimentos

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