Acute oral toxicity of Selected Flavour Chemicals

Moran, Elizabeth J.; Easterday, O. D.; Boser, B. L.

doi:10.3109/01480548009002221

Cited by 99 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…105 An approximate oral LD 50 value ranging between 800 and 1600 mg/kg was found in mice treated with DPTS. 106 Some disulfides, in particular DMDS and DPDS, have been shown to cause mild to severe red blood cell hemolysis in cats, dogs, and a variety of livestock animals following oral ingestion. 57,107,108 Vegetables, particularly onions and onion oil, containing relatively high amounts of these and other disulfides have long been associated with hemolytic anemia following accidental or intentional ingestion by dogs and farm animals.…”

Section: International Journal Of Toxicology 33(supplement 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disulfide Oil Hazard Assessment Using Categorical Analysis and a Mode of Action Determination

Morgott

Bootman²,

Banton

2013

Int J Toxicol

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Diethyl and diphenyl disulfides, naphtha sweetening (Chemical Abstracts Service [CAS] # 68955-96-4), are primarily composed of low-molecular-weight dialkyl disulfides extracted from C 4 to C 5 light hydrocarbon streams during the refining of crude oil. The substance, commonly known as disulfide oil (DSO), can be composed of up to 17 different disulfides and trisulfides with monoalkyl chain lengths no greater than C 4 . The disulfides in DSO constitute a homologous series of chemical constituents that are perfectly suited for a hazard evaluation using a read-across/worst-case approach. The DSO constituents exhibit a common mode of action that is operable at all trophic levels. The observed oxidative stress response is mediated by reactive oxygen species and free radical intermediates generated after disulfide bond cleavage and subsequent redox cycling of the resulting mercaptan. Evidence indicates that the lowest series member, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), can operate as a worst-case surrogate for other members of the series, since it displays the highest toxicity. Increasing the alkyl chain length or degree of substitution has been shown to serially reduce disulfide toxicity through resonance stabilization of the radical intermediate or steric inhibition of the initial enzymatic step. The following case study examines the mode of action for dialkyl disulfide toxicity and documents the use of read-across information from DMDS to assess the hazards of DSO. The results indicate that DSO possesses high aquatic toxicity, moderate environmental persistence, low to moderate acute toxicity, high repeated dose toxicity, and a low potential for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive/developmental effects.

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Section: International Journal Of Toxicology 33(supplement 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disulfide Oil Hazard Assessment Using Categorical Analysis and a Mode of Action Determination

Morgott

Bootman²,

Banton

2013

Int J Toxicol

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“…3-(Decyloxy)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (18) and 2-myristynoyl pantetheine (24), which contain sulfur atoms and appeared only in sulfur-fumigated samples, might be the transformation products of the sulfur fumigation. Moreover, the volatile oil might be oxidised during sulfur fumigation, which may explain the oxygen atom in some of the newly appeared compounds [α-lonone (19), For the toxicities of the constituents of volatile oil, it was reported that the LD 50 of 2-amylfuran (5) on mouse by oral is 1200 mg/kg (Moran et al 1980). Phenylethyl alcohol (11) is not a developmental toxicity hazard for humans (Politano et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of sulfur fumigation on volatile oil constituents of <i>Codonopsis radix</i> (dangshen) by GC-MS method

Ma¹,

Li²,

Chan³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: Sulfur fumigation is one of the processing methods of Chinese medicinal herbs. This method can be used in bleaching herbs and controlling microorganisms, parasites and insects. Codonopsis Radix (Dangshen in Chinese), dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula, is one of the herbs commonly processed by sulfur fumigation. This study reports the influence of sulfur fumigation on the chemical constituents of the volatile oil of Dangshen. Materials and Methods:The volatile oil of air-dried or sulfur-fumigated Dangshen was extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by GC capillary column chromatography. The components in the individual volatile oil were identified and quantitatively determined by GC-MS. Results:The results showed that 45 compounds were separated and identified from the volatile oil of Dangshen samples. Among them, the contents of 23 compounds in sulfur-fumigated Dangshen were much lower than that in air-dried Dangshen, such as 4-bromo-1-cyclohexene (6), 3,5-dimethylcyclopentene (7), phenylethyl alcohol (11), 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hepy-2-ene,4-methyl-1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)- (22)

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“…The supporting substances are listed in brackets. (Moran et al, 1980) (6-Pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one [10.031]) Rat M, F Gavage 1600 -5000 (Piccirillo & Hartman, 1980a) (Mixture of 5-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid delta-lactone, 5-Hydroxy-2-dodecenoic acid delta-lactone, and 5-Hydroxy-2-tetradecenoic acid deltalactone ) Rat M, F Gavage 3363 (Reagan & Becci, 1984a) (Dodec-6-eno-1,4-lactone [10.009]) Rat M, F Oral > 5000 (Watanabe & Morimoto, 1990a) Rat NR Oral > 5000 (Wohl, 1974a) (3,7-Dimethyloctano-1,6-lactone [10.027]) Rat M, F Gavage > 5000 (Lewis & Palanker, 1979a) (5-Hexyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one [10.051]) Rat NR Oral > 5000 (Moreno, 1976j) Flavouring Group Evaluation 10 Revision1 (FGE.10 Rev1)…”

Section: Annex Iv: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1) - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical g

2009

EFSA Journal

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Acute oral toxicity of Selected Flavour Chemicals

Cited by 99 publications

References 4 publications

Disulfide Oil Hazard Assessment Using Categorical Analysis and a Mode of Action Determination

Disulfide Oil Hazard Assessment Using Categorical Analysis and a Mode of Action Determination

Influence of sulfur fumigation on volatile oil constituents of <i>Codonopsis radix</i> (dangshen) by GC-MS method

Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1) - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical g

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