Acute Otitis Media and Other Complications of Viral Respiratory Infection

Chonmaitree, Tasnee; Trujillo, Rocio; Jennings, Kristofer; Alvarez-Fernandez, Pedro; Patel, Janak A.; Loeffelholz, Michael J.; Nokso-Koivisto, Johanna; Matalon, Reuben; Pyles, Richard B.; Miller, Aaron L.; McCormick, David P.

doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3555

Cited by 84 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Otitis media (OM) is a common otologic condition in pediatric and adult populations. OM is typically classified into acute otitis media (AOM) chronic otitis media (COM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) . Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a subtype of COM characterized by persistent drainage from the middle ear associated with a perforated ear drum, with or without cholesteatoma .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otogenic brain abscesses: A systematic review

Duarte

Kozin

Barshak

et al. 2018

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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ObjectiveOtogenic brain abscesses are one of the most significant life‐threatening complications of otologic infections. Given their low prevalence, otogenic brain abscesses require a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. In this systematic review, we aim to provide an analysis of otogenic brain abscesses and describe common clinical signs and symptoms, bacteriology, location, treatment options, morbidity, and mortality.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL database, Google Scholar, and Scopus.MethodsA systematic review of literature was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses recommendations. Variables assessed included clinical signs and symptoms, bacteriology, location, treatment, morbidity, and mortality.ResultsTwenty‐nine studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria, corresponding to a total of 1307 otogenic abscess cases for review. Fifty‐five percent of abscesses were found in the temporal lobe and 28% in the cerebellum. Most patients (88.3%) had a history of suppurative chronic otitis media. The most common symptoms were headache, altered mental status, papilledema, and meningeal irritation. Fever, nausea, and vomiting affected about 40% of patients. The most commonly cultured bacterial species was Proteus mirabilis. In addition to antibiotics, most otogenic brain abscesses were treated by burr hole aspiration. Average mortality following advent of computed tomography was 8.11%.ConclusionAlthough rare, otogenic brain abscesses may occur as a complication of suppurative otitis media and require a high index of suspicion. Appropriate imaging studies and multidisciplinary expertise are crucial in the diagnosis and management.Level of Evidence4.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otogenic brain abscesses: A systematic review

Duarte

Kozin

Barshak

et al. 2018

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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“…The human nasopharynx is a clinically significant polymicrobial niche involved in upper and lower respiratory infections (Chonmaitree et al, 2016; Gill et al, 2008; Teo et al, 2015; Tomlinson et al, 2014). Immunity in the nasopharynx is carefully orchestrated to maintain a homeostatic balance between excessive tolerance and immune pathology (Chao et al, 2015; Phipps et al, 2007; Ward et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A PCR-based method for quantifying neutrophils in human nasal secretions

Morris

Khan

Pichichero

2017

Journal of Immunological Methods

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Neutrophil recruitment to the nasopharynx (NP) is a central event in resolution of NP-initiated microbial infections. A vigorous neutrophil response in infected tissues is also associated with the outcome of adverse tissue pathology. Therefore, differences in infection-induced tissue neutrophil numbers may correlate with pathogenesis events. Existing methods of quantifiying neutrophils require evaluation of NP samples within hours of procurement as flow cytometry based cell quantification methods require live neutrophil cells. Therefore, we developed a novel RT-PCR method that could reliably quantify neutrophil counts in frozen NP wash samples. mRNA transcripts of the genes encoding CD16, CD18, and CD62L were identified as neutrophil-specific in NP samples and not significantly variable in response to stimulation by heat killed bacteria, and can be used to derive an accurate assessment of neutrophil content in a sample even in the presence of epithelial cells. Using flow cytometry as a comparator, the method was validated in human NP wash samples. We conclude that this PCR-based method should prove useful for providing a quantitative estimate of neutrophil recruitment to the NP during infection and pathogenesis.

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“…It should be mentioned that, although the auditory tube presents a more horizontal position, breastfeeding, interacts with the mucins and the glycocalyx in the nasopharynx, exerting its protective effect 17 . These antibodies represent the predominant class of immunoglobulin in the external secretions and provide specific immunological protection on all mucosal surfaces, blocking the entry of pathogens 18,19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigação das práticas maternas sobre aleitamento materno e sua relação com a infecção de vias aéreas superiores e otite média

et al. 2017

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Conflict of interest: non-existentInvestigation of maternal practices of breastfeeding and their relation with the infection of the upper airways and otitis media ABSTRACTPurpose: to investigate the practices of mothers during breastfeeding and infant's position and their relationship with the infection of the upper airway and otitis media. Methods: this is a descriptive exploratory study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 60 mothers, with questions about breastfeeding, the position of the infant during breastfeeding and the occurrence of infection of the upper airways (IUA) and otitis. In the infants, otoscopy and otoacoustic emissions were performed in both ears. Results: out of the 60 infants, 49 were exclusively breastfed and 11 were not. Regarding the position, 20 mothers reported breastfeeding their infants in the seated position and 40 in the lying position. The occurrence of IUA reported by the mothers was in 10 infants and from these, 6 were breastfed lying down and 4 infants sitting. As for the occurrence of otitis media, according to the mothers, 6 infants had at least one episode of otitis. Out of these infants, 2 were breastfed sitting and 4, lying down. The results indicate no significance between the position during breastfeeding and the occurrence of upper airway infection and otitis media. Conclusion: the practices of mothers during breast-feeding and infant's position are not related to infection of the upper airways and otitis media. Keywords: Breast Feeding; Otitis Media; Infection; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences RESUMO Objetivo: investigar as práticas das mães durante o aleitamento e o posicionamento do bebê e sua relação com a infecção de via aérea superior e a otite média. Métodos: estudo descritivo exploratório. Realizou-se entrevistas semi-estrututadas com 60 mães, sobre aleitamento materno, posição do lactente durante a amamentação e ocorrência de infecção de vias aéreas superiores e otites. Nos bebês, realizou-se otoscopia e emissões otoacústicas, em ambas as orelhas.Resultados: dos 60 lactentes, 49 eram amamentados exclusivamente e 11 não exclusivo. Com relação à posição, 20 mães relataram amamentar seus filhos na posição sentada e 40 na posição deitada. A ocorrência de IVAS relatada pelas mães foi de 10 bebês sendo que destes, 6 mamavam deitados e 4 bebês sentados. Quanto à ocorrência de otite média, segundo as mães, 6 bebês apresentaram pelo menos um episódio de otite. Destes bebês, 2 eram amamentados sentados e 4 deitados. Os resultados indicam que não há significância entre a posição durante a amamentação e a ocorrência de infecção de via aérea superior e otite média. Conclusão: as práticas das mães durante o aleitamento e o posicionamento do bebê não possuem relação com a infecção de via aérea superior e a otite média.

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Acute Otitis Media and Other Complications of Viral Respiratory Infection

Cited by 84 publications

References 39 publications

Otogenic brain abscesses: A systematic review

Otogenic brain abscesses: A systematic review

A PCR-based method for quantifying neutrophils in human nasal secretions

Investigação das práticas maternas sobre aleitamento materno e sua relação com a infecção de vias aéreas superiores e otite média

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