Acute Otitis media, malaria and pyrexia in the under five age group

Amusa, Y B; Ogunniyi, Titus A. B.; Onayade, O O; Okeowo, P A

doi:10.4314/wajm.v24i3.28205

Cited by 6 publications

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“…The peak incidence of AOM was found to be in the age group 1-4years in study carried out in Nigeria. 12 In present study Majority of patients belonged to 7-23 months of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Drug use in acute otitis media: a prospective study at a tertiary care teaching hospital

Pandya

Patel

2019

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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Background: Drug use study identifies the problems that arise from prescription and highlights the current approaches to the rational use of drugs. The objective of the study was to assess drug use pattern in patients diagnosed of acute otitis media in tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried in the Otorhinolaryngology department of a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of twelve months. The data collected for patients with acute otitis media included the patient's demographic details and the drugs prescribed. Data were analysed for drug use pattern and cost per prescription and assessment of rationality of prescription.Results: Total 153 patients were analysed, 100 (65.35%) belonged to male patients and 53 (34.65%) belonged to female patients. Children less than 2years age were the most diagnosed with AOM 47.71%, the major diagnostic symptoms were earache (58.16%) and fever (54.90%) and signs were congestion (52.94%) and discharge (43.13%). In a total 153 prescriptions (469 drugs), 33.68% were antimicrobials, followed by mineral supplements (23.67%). Average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 3.0. Most common antibiotic prescribed was amoxicillin (with or without clavulanate) in 142 (92.81%) patients. Paracetamol alone or in fixed dose combination with antihistaminics were prescribed in 131 patients. Average cost per prescription was 87.74(±35.67) Indian rupees. Seventeen (11.11%) prescriptions were rational in all the aspects based on standard guidelines.Conclusions: The present study showed that paracetamol and amoxicillin with or without clavulanate were mostly commonly prescribed in children with AOM. Irrational prescribing was seen in maximum number of cases.

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“…The peak incidence of AOM was found to be in the age group 1-4years in study carried out in Nigeria. 12 In present study Majority of patients belonged to 7-23 months of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Drug use in acute otitis media: a prospective study at a tertiary care teaching hospital

Pandya

Patel

2019

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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“…This ranking is comparable to a study conducted in Nepal [22 ] in which AOM with 1.4% prevalence was ranked as the 4th otologic disorder seen among the group studied. In another study [32] the prevalence of AOM was 28% and ranked higher than the two studies above. The difference in this ranking might be in the population studied.…”

Section: Middle East Journal Of Internal Medicine Volume 7 Issue 3 Sementioning

confidence: 77%

Prevention of Otologic Disorders in Nigeria : The Case of Primary School Children in Rivers State , South South of Nigeria

Nduka¹,

Enwereji²,

Aitafo³

2014

MEJIM

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Introduction: Common ear diseases in children are preventable. In developing countries like Nigeria, most health care programmes concentrate on secondary school pupils to the disadvantage of those in primary schools. This has delayed reduction of preventable ear diseases. Ear diseases among children can lead to disabilities especially permanent hearing loss. The question is to what extent are otologic disorders prevented among primary school children? The researchers carried out school health programmes to identify common ear diseases in primary school children so as to contribute a quota in prevention of otologic diseases among them. Materials and method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Random sample of 1,200 pupils from primary 1-6 between 5 to 13 years were selected for study from 13 primary schools. Only 802 pupils whose parents gave consent eventually participated in this study. Administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on participants from parents. Also, otoscopic examination of respondents was carried out by the researchers after being trained in use of otoscope by a specialist. Complete physical examination of the 802 children was done. Cerumen was recorded if no part of tympanic membrane was visible. Thereafter, cerumen, other debris and foreign bodies were removed in such children. External canals and tympanic membranes were inspected for likely abnormalities. Data analyses were done using SPSS version 17.0 statistical software. Results were presented on tables using frequency and percentages. Results: Findings showed that out of 802 children studied, only 279(34.8%) were found normal. The common Otologic diseases found among the respondents were impacted cerumen 319(39.7%), chronic suppurative otitis media 95 (11.8%), debris 55 (6.9%), Otitis media with effusion 28 (3.5%), and acute otitis media 10 (1.3%). Conclusion: Based on the proportion of children identified with otologic problems, there is need for periodic and well coordinated school health programmes.

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“…Environmental exposures, such as smoke from a wood-burning stove used to cook or heat the home, have been shown to increase the risk of ear infections in other rural regions, such as in West Africa (Amusa et al 2005). In addition, exposure to cigarette smoke is a well-established risk factor for acute otitis media in young children, regardless of urban or rural status (American Academy of Family Physicians et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated hearing loss prevalence in rural Alaska and in rural communities across the world is multifactorial, with nutritional, environmental, and genetic risk factors contributing (Amusa et al 2005; Chonmaitree et al 2016; Kørvel-Hanquist et al 2017; Emmett et al 2018). Risk factors for ear infections in Alaska Native children have not yet been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors for Hearing Loss and Middle Ear Disease in Alaska Native Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Cluster Randomized Trial

et al. 2022

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Objectives: Infection-related childhood hearing loss is one of the few preventable chronic health conditions that can affect a child’s lifelong trajectory. This study sought to quantify relationships between infection-mediated hearing loss and middle ear disease and environmental factors, such as exposure to wood smoke, cigarette smoke, household crowding, and lack of access to plumbed (running) water, in a northwest region of rural Alaska. Design: This study is a cross-sectional analysis to estimate environmental factors of infection-related hearing loss in children aged 3 to 21 years. School hearing screenings were performed as part of two cluster randomized trials in rural Alaska over two academic years (2017–2018 and 2018–2019). The first available screening for each child was used for this analysis. Sociodemographic questionnaires were completed by parents/guardians upon entry into the study. Multivariable regression was performed to estimate prevalence differences and prevalence ratios (PR). A priori knowledge about the prevalence of middle ear disease and the difficulty inherent in obtaining objective hearing loss data in younger children led to analysis of children by age (3 to 6 years versus 7 years and older) and a separate multiple imputation sensitivity analysis for pure-tone average (PTA)-based infection-related hearing loss measures. Results: A total of 1634 children participated. Hearing loss was present in 11.1% of children sampled based on otoacoustic emission as the primary indicator of hearing loss and was not associated with exposure to cigarette smoke (PR = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48 to 2.38), use of a wood-burning stove (PR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.32), number of persons living in the household (PR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.16), or lack of access to running water (PR = 1.38; 95% CI, 0.80 to 2.39). Using PTA as a secondary indicator of hearing loss also showed no association with environmental factors. Middle ear disease was present in 17.4% of children. There was a higher prevalence of middle ear disease in homes without running water versus those with access to running water (PR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.27). There was little evidence to support any cumulative effects of environmental factors. Heterogeneity of effect models by age found sample prevalence of hearing loss higher for children aged 3 to 6 years (12.2%; 95% CI, 9.3 to 15.7) compared to children 7 years and older (10.6%; 95% CI, 8.9 to 2.6), as well as for sample prevalence of middle ear disease (22.7%; 95% CI, 18.9 to 26.9 and 15.3%; 95% CI, 13.3 to 17.5, respectively). Conclusions: Lack of access to running water in the home was associated with increased prevalence of middle ear disease in this rural, Alaska Native population, particularly among younger children (aged 3 to 6 years). There was little evidence in this study that cigarette smoke, wood-burning stoves, and greater numbers of persons in the household were associated with infection-mediated hearing loss or middle ear disease. Future research with...

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Acute Otitis media, malaria and pyrexia in the under five age group

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Drug use in acute otitis media: a prospective study at a tertiary care teaching hospital

Drug use in acute otitis media: a prospective study at a tertiary care teaching hospital

Prevention of Otologic Disorders in Nigeria : The Case of Primary School Children in Rivers State , South South of Nigeria

Environmental Factors for Hearing Loss and Middle Ear Disease in Alaska Native Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Cluster Randomized Trial

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