Acute periodontal lesions

Abstract

This is a review and update on acute conditions affecting the gingival tissues, including abscesses in the periodontium, necrotizing periodontal diseases, and other acute conditions that cause gingival lesions with acute presentation, such as infectious processes not associated with oral bacterial biofilms, muco--cutaneous disorders, and traumatic and allergic lesions. A periodontal abscess is clinically important since it is a relatively frequent dental emergency, it can compromise the periodontal prognosis of the affected tooth, and because bacteria within the abscess can spread and cause infections in other body sites. Different types of abscesses have been identified, mainly by the type of etiology, and there are clear differences between those affecting a previously existing periodontal pocket and those affecting healthy sites. Therapy for this acute condition consists of drainage and tissue debridement, with individual evaluation of the need for systemic antimicrobial therapy. The definitive treatment of the pre--existing condition should be accomplished after the acute phase is controlled.

Salivary pathogen and serum antibody to assess the progression of chronic periodontitis: a 24‐mo prospective multicenter cohort study

“…We speculate that significantly higher values of the deepest probing pocket depth and the deepest clinical attachment level at baseline compared with patients with stable/progressive chronic periodontitis, together with a follow‐up program without treatment of periodontal pockets, might affect abscess development. It is known that the most prevalent species of bacterium identified in periodontal abscesses, using culture‐ or molecular‐based diagnostic techniques, is P. gingivalis , with a range in prevalence of 50–100% . The calculated cut‐off value of periodontal abscess in this study was high ( P. gingivalis ratio = 0.009%), being approximately three times higher than that of periodontal progression (0.003%).…”

Acute periodontal lesions (periodontal abscesses and necrotizing periodontal diseases) and endo‐periodontal lesions

“…Periodontal abscesses (PA) are important because they represent common dental emergencies requiring immediate management and can result in rapid destruction of the periodontium with a negative impact on the prognosis of the affected tooth. In certain circumstances, PA may have severe systemic consequences . Although the prevalence of necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPD) is low, their importance is clear, because they represent the most severe conditions associated with dental biofilm, leading to very rapid tissue destruction .…”

“…In certain circumstances, PA may have severe systemic consequences . Although the prevalence of necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPD) is low, their importance is clear, because they represent the most severe conditions associated with dental biofilm, leading to very rapid tissue destruction . Whereas, endo‐periodontal lesions (EPL), in spite of being relatively rare in clinical practice, might severely compromise the prognosis of the tooth, and are considered one of the most challenging problem faced by clinicians, because they require multidisciplinary evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment …”

Clinical diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in the orthodontic patient. A case report.

“…However, this may depend on the systemic condition of the patient; in patients with HIV, species such as Candida spp. and Herpes virus 7,8 can be found.…”