Acute-phase response in Babesia canis and Dirofilaria immitis co-infections in dogs

Milanović, Zorana; Ilić, Anja; Andrić, Jelena Francuski; Radonjić, Vladimir; Beletić, Anđelo; Filipović, Milica Kovačević

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.07.009

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As expected, dogs that tested PCR‐positive for B. conradae had higher globulin concentrations and lower albumin concentrations, both expected findings in dogs with antigenic stimulation and subsequent T‐helper immune response 20, 21. Interestingly, dogs that tested PCR‐positive for B. conradae were more likely to be hyponatremic than controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…As expected, dogs that tested PCR-positive for B. conradae had higher globulin concentrations and lower albumin concentrations, both expected findings in dogs with antigenic stimulation and subsequent T-helper immune response. 20,21 Interestingly, dogs that tested PCR-positive for B. conradae were more likely to be hyponatremic than controls. The cause of hyponatremia was not clear, but in humans, severe malaria infections have been associated with a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Babesia conradaeinfection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood‐borne pathogens

Dear

Owens

Lindsay

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Babesia conradae is an intraerythrocytic piroplasm infecting dogs in the southern United States. Ticks have been suspected, but unproven, as vectors. We identified B. conradae and other blood‐borne pathogens in 2 kennels of sighthounds with a history of coyote fighting.ObjectivesTo examine clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with B. conradae infection, risk factors for infection, and the prevalence of coinfections with other blood‐borne pathogens.AnimalsFifty‐five Greyhounds and Greyhound mixesMethodsBlood samples were collected from each dog for CBC, serum biochemistry panel, conventional and real‐time PCR assays (Babesia spp., hemoplasmas, Ehrlichia canis, Bartonella spp., Anaplasma spp., and Rickettsia spp.), vector‐borne pathogen ELISA, and immunofluorescent serology and culture for Bartonella spp and Francisella tularensis sero‐agglutination test. Associations between B. conradae infection and coyote fighting, age and laboratory abnormalities were investigated.ResultsTwenty‐nine dogs were PCR‐positive for B. conradae. Of these, 16 were PCR‐positive for other vector‐borne organisms including Mycoplasma haemocanis, “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum,” E. canis, and a Hepatozoon felis‐like organism. Twelve of the 20 dogs tested for seroreactivity to Bartonella spp. antigens were positive, but none were seropositive for tularemia. Infection with B. conradae was associated with a history of aggressive interactions with coyotes; lower hematocrit, leukocyte count, MCHC, platelet count and serum albumin concentration; and higher MCV, MPV, and serum globulin concentration.Conclusions and Clinical Importance Babesia conradae infection should be considered in dogs with anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia. As with B. gibsoni, aggressive interactions with other canids may play a role in B. conradae transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia conradaeinfection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood‐borne pathogens

Dear

Owens

Lindsay

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Protein fractions were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis, following the protocol described by Milanović et al [10], while the levels of the individual acute phase proteins (APPs) were measured using immuno-and spectrophotometry assays. The commercial ELISA kit (Abcam, UK) was used for the measurement of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration.…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homocysteine Concentration in the Serum of Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania Spp. – Association with the Stage of the Disease, Therapy, and Clinical Pathology Data

Antić¹,

Beletić

Radaković

et al. 2022

Acta Veterinaria

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Progressive tissue injury in canine leishmaniosis (CL) is related to the deposition of immune complexes, which induces vasculitis and leads to endothelial dysfunction. Homocysteine (Hcy) increase may worsen endothelial dysfunction, but data concerning its concentration in different CL stages and links to the acute phase response and oxidative stress are missing. We compared Hcy levels between dogs with mild (N=24) and moderate CL without treatment (N=17) and treated with anti-Leishmania drugs and vitamin B supplements (N=9). Dogs with moderate CL, regardless of therapy administration, had more distinct clinical signs, lower erythron values, and a higher level of acute-phase proteins (APPs), IgG against Leishmania spp., urea and creatinine, than dogs with mild CL. Hcy values did not differ between stages, but treated dogs had the lowest levels of Hcy. An inverse relationship existed between Hcy and the CL stage, therapy, levels of IgG, and clinical pathology data. The only positive relationship existed between Hcy and the erythron state. The disease stage and therapeutic intervention were not related to the oxidative stress level, except in the case of paraoxonase-1/Hcy ratio, indicating favorable conditions for antioxidative defense in treated dogs. In conclusion, changes in Hcy levels indicated its possible involvement with endothelial dysfunction and inverse relationship to tissue injury evaluated by APPs. Finally, Hcy might be an early marker of favorable conditions for endothelium recovery in CL.

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“…Eichenberger et al (2016) report that in B. canis infections, dogs with severe thrombocytopenia, mild to moderate leukopenia, hyperlactatemia, hyperphosphatemia or hyperproteinemia are more likely to die compared to patients without these alterations [29]. Systemic infl ammatory response in canine babesiosis results in an increase of several blood parameters such as acute phase proteins and serum lipid concentrations, which could help to identify possible infection, as well as early diagnosis of developing complications [30,31]. Pathogen detection, as early as possible, is essential for the initiation of specifi c therapy with Imidocarb (6.6mg/kg).…”

Section: Canine Babesiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on Common Small Animal Vector-Borne Diseases in Central and Southeastern Europe

Leschnik

2020

Acta Veterinaria

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AbstractVector-borne diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in small animals in Europe. Many of these diseases are well-known among veterinary practitioners and some of them are called emerging diseases as prevalence, temporal and spatial distribution seem to increase in Europe. The number of newly recognized pathogens, transmitted by a variety of arthropod vectors, that are relevant for dogs and cats, is also increasing every year. The prevalence among infected vectors and hosts is a hot topic in veterinary science throughout the entire continent, as well as the development of efficient diagnostic procedures, therapy and prophylactic measures. Companion animal vector-borne diseases comprise a large group of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. These pathogens are mainly transmitted by bloodsucking arthropods (ticks, fleas, mosquitos, sand flies), and more seldom by direct transmission between vertebrate hosts. Vector prevalence and activity is influenced by local climate conditions, host species density, changes in landscape and land use. Human parameters such as poverty and migration affect the use of prophylactic measures against pathogen transmission and infection as well as increasing the zoonotic risk to introducing pathogens by infected humans. Small animal associated factors such as pet trade and pet travel spread infection and certain vectors such as ticks and fleas. All these factors pose several complex and significant challenges for veterinarians in clinical practice to decide on efficient laboratory work-up and constructive diagnostic procedures.

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Acute-phase response in Babesia canis and Dirofilaria immitis co-infections in dogs

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Babesia conradaeinfection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood‐borne pathogens

Babesia conradaeinfection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood‐borne pathogens

Homocysteine Concentration in the Serum of Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania Spp. – Association with the Stage of the Disease, Therapy, and Clinical Pathology Data

Focus on Common Small Animal Vector-Borne Diseases in Central and Southeastern Europe

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