Acute Physiological Responses to Four Running Sessions Performed at Different Intensity Zones

Nuuttila, Olli-Pekka; Kyröläinen, Heikki; Häkkinen, Keijo; Nummela, Ari

doi:10.1055/a-1263-1034

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Different types of heart rate measures are widely used in endurance training monitoring [ 26 ], and resting HRV is particularly suggested to be a useful marker when assessing recovery [ 5 ]. While acute responses in HRV are mostly related to training intensity, and sessions above the first lactate threshold delays parasympathetic reactivation compared to low-intensity sessions below the first lactate threshold [ 27 , 28 ], long-term responses to different training strategies seem to be more complicated. In the present study, no systematic changes during the training period were observed in HRV neither in INT nor in VOL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Training and Recovery during a Period of Increased Intensity or Volume in Recreational Endurance Athletes

Nuuttila

Nummela

Häkkinen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of progressively increased training intensity or volume on the nocturnal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), countermovement jump, perceived recovery, and heart rate-running speed index (HR-RS index). Another aim was to analyze how observed patterns during the training period in these monitoring variables were associated with the changes in endurance performance. Thirty recreationally trained participants performed a 10-week control period of regular training and a 10-week training period of either increased training intensity (INT, n = 13) or volume (VOL, n = 17). Changes in endurance performance were assessed by an incremental treadmill test. Both groups improved their maximal speed on the treadmill (INT 3.4 ± 3.2%, p < 0.001; VOL 2.1 ± 1.8%, p = 0.006). In the monitoring variables, only between-group difference (p = 0.013) was found in nocturnal HR, which decreased in INT (p = 0.016). In addition, perceived recovery decreased in VOL (p = 0.021) and tended to decrease in INT (p = 0.056). When all participants were divided into low-responders and responders in maximal running performance, the increase in the HR-RS index at the end of the training period was greater in responders (p = 0.005). In conclusion, current training periods of increased intensity or volume improved endurance performance to a similar extent. Countermovement jump and HRV remained unaffected, despite a slight decrease in perceived recovery. Long-term monitoring of the HR-RS index may help to predict positive adaptations, while interpretation of other recovery-related markers may need a more individualized approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Training and Recovery during a Period of Increased Intensity or Volume in Recreational Endurance Athletes

Nuuttila

Nummela

Häkkinen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Consequently, examining the acute physiological response to HIIE is important as it may mediate the magnitude of changes in various outcomes when performed long-term. The majority of data concerning responses to acute HIIE was obtained from leg cycling (Olney et al, 2018), body weight exercise (Gurd et al, 2018), or treadmill running (Nuuttila et al, 2020) that mostly involve the lower extremities. However, results from these studies cannot be generalized to the upper extremity due to its lower amount of muscle mass (Sawka, 1989) and oxidative capacity (Gollnick et al, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Physiological and Perceptual Responses to High Intensity Interval Exercise Between Arm and Leg Cycling

Astorino

Emma

2021

Front. Physiol.

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This study compared changes in oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), affective valence, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between sessions of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) performed on the arm (ACE) and leg cycle ergometer (LCE). Twenty three active and non-obese men and women (age and BMI=24.7±5.8year and 24.8±3.4kg/m2) initially underwent graded exercise testing to determine VO2max and peak power output (PPO) on both ergometers. Subsequently on two separate days, they performed 10 1min intervals of ACE or LCE at 75 %PPO separated by 1min of active recovery at 10 %PPO. Gas exchange data, HR, and perceptual responses were obtained continuously and blood samples were acquired pre- and post-exercise to assess the change in BLa. VO2max and PPO on the LCE were significantly higher (p<0.001) than ACE (37.2±6.3 vs. 26.3±6.6ml/kg/min and 259.0±48.0 vs. 120.0±48.1W). Mean VO2 (1.7±0.3 vs. 1.1±0.3L/min, d=2.3) and HR (149±14 vs. 131±17 b/min, d=2.1) were higher (p<0.001) in response to LCE vs. ACE as was BLa (7.6±2.6 vs. 5.3±2.5mM, d=2.3), yet there was no difference (p=0.12) in peak VO2 or HR. Leg cycling elicited higher relative HR compared to ACE (81±5 vs. 75±7 %HRmax, p=0.01), although, there was no difference in relative VO2 (63±6 vs. 60±8 %VO2max, p=0.09) between modes. Affective valence was lower during LCE vs. ACE (p=0.003), although no differences in enjoyment (p=0.68) or RPE (p=0.59) were demonstrated. Overall, HIIE performed on the cycle ergometer elicits higher relative heart rate and blood lactate concentration and a more aversive affective valence, making these modes not interchangeable in terms of the acute physiological and perceptual response to interval based exercise.

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“…The timeline of HRV recovery may differ from other variables, including countermovement jump and psychological variables. Nuuttila et al [135] observed different fatigue recovery patterns for countermovement jump and post-exercise HRV depending on exercise intensity. Similarly, Vacher et al [145] noted linear changes in HRV despite nonlinear changes in perceived stress and recovery.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practices and Applications of Heart Rate Variability Monitoring in Endurance Athletes

2022

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Heart rate variability reflects fluctuations in the changes in consecutive heartbeats, providing insight into cardiac autonomic function and overall physiological state. Endurance athletes typically demonstrate better cardiac autonomic function than non-athletes, with lower resting heart rates and greater variability. The availability and use of heart rate variability metrics has increased in the broader population and may be particularly useful to endurance athletes. The purpose of this review is to characterize current practices and applications of heart rate variability analysis in endurance athletes. Important considerations for heart rate variability analysis will be discussed, including analysis techniques, monitoring tools, the importance of stationarity of data, body position, timing and duration of the recording window, average heart rate, and sex and age differences. Key factors affecting resting heart rate variability will be discussed, including exercise intensity, duration, modality, overall training load, and lifestyle factors. Training applications will be explored, including heart rate variability-guided training and the identification and monitoring of maladaptive states such as overtraining. Lastly, we will examine some alternative uses of heart rate variability, including during exercise, post-exercise, and for physiological forecasting and predicting performance.

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Acute Physiological Responses to Four Running Sessions Performed at Different Intensity Zones

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Monitoring Training and Recovery during a Period of Increased Intensity or Volume in Recreational Endurance Athletes

Monitoring Training and Recovery during a Period of Increased Intensity or Volume in Recreational Endurance Athletes

Differences in Physiological and Perceptual Responses to High Intensity Interval Exercise Between Arm and Leg Cycling

Practices and Applications of Heart Rate Variability Monitoring in Endurance Athletes

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