Acute Poisoning Types and Prevalence in Shanghai, China, from January 2010 to August 2011

Abstract

In recent years, the number of cases of acute poisoning has increased in China, yet; currently, there is no detailed report published that addresses acute poisoning in the mainland of China. We collected biological samples from 466 cases of suspected acute poisoning at the hospitals in Shanghai, China, and examined them using spectroscopy, chromatography and chromatography/mass spectrometry. Of the 466 cases, 230 cases (100 men and 130 women) were positively confirmed as acute poisonings. There were 80 types of compounds identified in this study. Medications were the most frequent substances identified, and the other substances included pesticides, multiple compounds, volatile compounds, natural toxins, and others. The results of this study indicate a need for strengthening the education about and management of the rational and safe use of drugs in Shanghai.

GABA A receptor target of tetramethylenedisulfotetramine

“…However, it is still available illegally and responsible for accidental or intentional poisonings in China and other countries. The estimated lethal dose of 7-10 mg in adult humans coupled with its ease of synthesis and stability serve as the basis for the chemical threat concern (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Neurotoxicity is sometimes alleviated or antidoted by compounds modulating the target site to reduce disruption by the toxicant.…”

“…3A) was considerably more potent than three of its analogs assayed with either radioligand. The TETS-type compounds (1-5) and several insecticides or cage convulsants (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) (Fig. 5) illustrate that EBOB and TBPO overlap the proposed TETS binding site (located around the 1′2′ region of the pore).…”

“…Baclofen at 1 μM and ethanol at 300 mM had apparently somewhat different effects with the two radioligands (SI Appendix, section S3). However, TETS poisoning cases in humans have been treated with diazepam, allopregnanolone, and NaDMPS with little or no benefit (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). The GABA A R is the target of many toxicants for mammals (TETS) and insects (insecticides) and exists in a multiplicity of subunit and interface combinations (43,44), allowing high toxicity that reaches its extreme for mammals with TETS and some other small-cage convulsants.…”

Acute intentional poisonings within an urban agglomeration in Poland in 2004–2013

“…Among women, drugs were the most common factor, while men having chemical substances within their reach chose pesticides more frequently [38]. In China, the number of intoxications with pesticides tends to grow; the latest findings also indicate that the frequency of poisonings with this factor, specifically for the region, depends on age [39]. In the younger age group (women aged 20-59, men aged 20-69), pesticide intoxications were found to dominate: 89% and 85%, respectively, whereas among senior citizens deliberate self-poisonings with drugs proved the most common (81% and 70%).…”

Principal characteristics of patients acutely poisoned by ethanol in the region of Belgrade (Serbia)

“…There are many reasons for that and among the most important ones are: easy availability, low price, certain types of customs, aggressive advertisements, limited legal sanctions, etc. Excessive and frequently use of alcohol often leads to the emergence of alcoholism, as well as many health and social problems 16,17 . About two thirds of adult population in the United States of America (USA) consume alcohol drinks, and about 10% of them in the case-history have excessive alcohol consumption.…”