Acute radiation syndrome and Fukushima: A watershed moment?

Cerezo, Laura; Garau, Miquel Macià i

doi:10.1016/j.rpor.2012.01.001

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Since the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011, public awareness of the threat of radiation has greatly increased, and has prompted the formation of contingency plans for the prophylaxis and treatment of ARS (1,32,33). Many government agencies involved in national security and public health, including the U.S. FDA, have been searching for suitable radiation countermeasures for the treatment of H-ARS and GI-ARS for several decades (5-7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Effects of 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) on Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome after Total-Body Ionizing Irradiation in Mice

Kim¹,

Jeong

Shin

et al. 2019

Radiation Research

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Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) occurs as a result of partial-or whole-body, high-dose exposure to radiation in a very short period of time. Survival is dependent on the severity of the hematopoietic sub-syndrome of ARS. In this study, we investigated the mitigating effects of a lipid molecule, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG), on the kinetics of hematopoietic cells, including absolute neutrophil count (ANC), red blood cells (RBCs) and platelet counts, in mice after gamma-ray total-body irradiation (TBI). Male and female BALB/c mice (11 weeks old) received a LD 70/30 dose of TBI. PLAG significantly and dosedependently attenuated radiation-induced mortality (P ¼ 0.0041 for PLAG 50 mg/kg; P , 0.0001 for PLAG 250 mg/kg) and body weight loss (P , 0.0001 for PLAG 50 and 250 mg/ kg) in mice. Single-fraction TBI sharply reduced ANC within 3 days postirradiation and maintained the neutropenic state (ANC , 500 cells/ll) by approximately 26.8 6 0.8 days. However, administration of PLAG attenuated radiationinduced severe neutropenia (ANC , 100 cells/ll) by effectively delaying the mean day of its onset and decreasing its duration. PLAG also significantly mitigated radiationinduced thrombocytopenia (P , 0.0001 for PLAG 250 mg/kg) and anemia (P ¼ 0.0023 for PLAG 250 mg/kg) by increasing mean platelet and RBC counts, as well as hemoglobin levels, in peripheral blood. Moreover, delayed administration of PLAG, even at 48 and 72 h after gamma-ray irradiation, significantly attenuated radiation-induced mortality in a time-dependent manner. When compared to olive oil and palmitic linoleic hydroxyl (PLH), only PLAG effectively attenuated radiation-induced mortality, indicating that it has a distinctive mechanism of action. Based on these preclinical observations, we concluded that PLAG has high potential as a radiation countermeasure for the improvement of survivability and the treatment of hematopoietic injury in gamma-rayinduced ARS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Effects of 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) on Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome after Total-Body Ionizing Irradiation in Mice

Kim¹,

Jeong

Shin

et al. 2019

Radiation Research

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“…Most cases of ARS are seen in nuclear power plant employees upon accidental exposure resulting from incidents occurring at the plants such as those seen at Chernobyl and Fukushima (Mettler et al, 2007;Cerezo and Macia, 2012). Increasing usage of medical isotopes like iodine-131 to treat cancer has resulted in patients needing to cryopreserve their own (autologous) hematopoietic stem cells prior to treatment so that the bone marrow can be rescued from the cancer treatment.…”

Section: Msc Derived Exosomes For the Treatment Of Arsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Exosomes: Progress and Challenges

Forsberg

Kink

Hematti

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Due to their robust immunomodulatory capabilities, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been used as a cellular therapy for a number of human diseases. Part of the mechanism of action of MSCs is the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that transmit signals to recipient cells that change their biologic behavior. This review briefly summarizes the development of MSCs as a treatment for human diseases as well as describes our present understanding of exosomes; how they exert their effects on target cells, and how they are differentiated from other EVs. The current treatment paradigm for acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is discussed, and how MSCs and MSC derived exosomes are emerging as treatment options for treating patients after radiation exposure. Other conditions such as graftversus-host disease and cardiovascular disease/stroke are discussed as examples to highlight the immunomodulatory and regenerative capacity of MSC-exosomes. Finally, a consideration is given to how these cell-based therapies could possibly be deployed in the event of a catastrophic radiation exposure event.

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“…The affected breast and regional lymph nodes were treated to a total dose of 50 Gy in a daily fraction of 2 Gy after 4–5 weeks following surgical treatment [10]. Radiotherapy planning was performed using computed tomography to reduce radiation dose to the heart and lungs according to the dose constraints which were applied in each case.…”

Section: Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise tolerance in breast cancer patients during radiotherapy after aerobic training

Milecki¹,

Hojan²,

Ozga‐Majchrzak³

et al. 2013

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Aim of the studyIn spite of the introduction of dose constraints based on patient individual assessment techniques for radiation therapy (RT), some side effects from the heart and lungs are observed. Regular physical exercises improve efficiency, which was confirmed in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate endurance exercise tolerance and the impact of aerobic training (AT) on selected clinical parameters in breast cancer patients during RT.Material and methodsThis study involved 46 women with breast cancer who were irradiated using conformal technique (3DCRT) to a total dose of 50 Gray during a 5-week course of RT. In this period 25 patients (group A) simultaneously performed AT, and the rest of the patients, without rehabilitation (group B), undertook irregular physical activity on their own. The exercise tolerance was assessed through the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) using: oxygen saturation (SO2), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and dyspnea scale.ResultsAfter AT in group A, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease was observed in average diastolic BP before 6MWT and in HR parameters before and after 6MWT (p > 0.05), and 6MWD was increased (p < 0.05). In group B, after RT, an increase (p < 0.05) in HR was observed after the test as well as dyspnea. Oxygen saturation in both groups was not significantly changed.ConclusionsThe results of our study showed that regular AT after just 6 weeks caused an improvement in exercise tolerance parameters with a substantial decline in dyspnea in breast cancer patients receiving RT.

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Acute radiation syndrome and Fukushima: A watershed moment?

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Mitigating Effects of 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) on Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome after Total-Body Ionizing Irradiation in Mice

Mitigating Effects of 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) on Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome after Total-Body Ionizing Irradiation in Mice

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Exosomes: Progress and Challenges

Exercise tolerance in breast cancer patients during radiotherapy after aerobic training

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