Acute Rat Lung Injury: Feasibility of Assessment with Micro-CT

Langheinrich, Alexander C.; Leithäuser, Boris; Greschus, Susanne; Gerlach, Susanne von; Breithecker, Andreas; Matthias, Fritz Reinhard; Rau, W. S.; Bohle, Rainer M.

doi:10.1148/radiol.2331031340

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The X-ray system is based on a microfocus tube (20 to 80 kVp, 0 to 100 mA) reaching a minimum spot size of 8 mm at 8 W generating projection images irradiating X-rays in cone-beam geometry. This system has been described in detail before (Langheinrich et al, 2004). The resulting 3D images were displayed using Analyze 8.0 (Biomedical Imaging Resource, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA).…”

Section: Substudy 1: Quantitative Assessment Of the Cerebral Vasculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and rt-PA Treatment is Safe and Improves Impaired Microcirculation after Reperfusion of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Nedelmann

Ritschel

Doenges

et al. 2010

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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In monitoring of recanalization and in sonothrombolysis, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is applied in extended time protocols. As extended use may increase the probability of unwanted effects, careful safety evaluation is required. We investigated the safety profile and beneficial effects of CEUS in a reperfusion model. Wistar rats were subjected to filament occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). Reperfusion was established after 90 minutes, followed by recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment and randomization to additional CEUS (contrast agent: SonoVue; 60 minutes). Blinded outcome evaluation consisted of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neurologic assessment, and histology and, in separate experiments, quantitative 3D nano-computed tomography (CT) angiography (900 nm 3 voxel size). Nano-CT revealed severely compromised microcirculation in untreated animals after MCA reperfusion. The rt-PA partially improved hemispheric perfusion. Impairment was completely reversed in animals receiving rt-PA and CEUS. This combination was more effective than treatment with either CEUS without rt-PA or rt-PA and ultrasound or ultrasound alone. In MRI experiments, CEUS and rt-PA treatment resulted in a significantly reduced ischemic lesion volume and edema formation. No unwanted effects were detected on MRI, histology, and intracranial temperature assessment. This study shows that CEUS and rt-PA is safe in the situation of reperfusion and displays beneficial effects on the level of the microvasculature.

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Section: Substudy 1: Quantitative Assessment Of the Cerebral Vasculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and rt-PA Treatment is Safe and Improves Impaired Microcirculation after Reperfusion of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Nedelmann

Ritschel

Doenges

et al. 2010

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…This shows the network of opacified bronchial arteries surrounding the air-filled bronchi. To illustrate the power of micro-CT in its application to examining pathophysiologic processes, Figure 4 shows the ability of micro-CT to quantitate the effect of endotoxin on alveolar membrane edema (24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-Computed Tomography of the Lungs and Pulmonary-Vascular System

Ritman¹

2005

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

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Three-dimensional imaging of the intact lung and its vasculature is essential if the hierarchical and volumetric aspects of its structures and functions are to be quantitated. Although this is possible with clinical multislice helical CT scanners, the spatial resolution does not scale down adequately for small rodents for which cubic voxel dimensions of 50-100 m are required. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) provides the necessary spatial resolution of 3D images of the intact thoracic contents. Micro-CT can provide higher resolution so that basic micro-architectural structures, such as alveoli, can be individually visualized and quantitated. Dynamic events, such as the respiratory and cardiac cycles, can be imaged at multiple time points throughout a representative cycle by coordinating the scan sequence (i.e., gating) to the cycle phase of a sequence of cycles. Fusion of the micro-CT image data with other image data, such as micro-SPECT or histology, can enhance the information content beyond the mainly structural information provided by micro-CT. Conventional attenuation-based X-ray imaging can involve significant X-ray exposures at high spatial resolutions, and this could affect the phenotype (e.g., via interstitial fibrosis) and genotype (e.g., via mutation), so its use in longitudinal studies using micro-CT may be limited in some cases. However, because of recent developments in which the phase shift or refraction of X-rays rather than attenuation is used, the X-ray exposure may be significantly reduced.Keywords: microarchitecture; pulmonary hypertension; alveoli; airways Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a rapidly developing imaging capability that has been described in detail elsewhere (1). This development is driven in large measure by the fact that because mice are rapidly becoming the experimental animals of choice for many research endeavors, there is motivation to scale clinical imaging capabilities down to the mouse level. There are several aspects to the scaling of the spatial and temporal resolution and volume scanned (2). One is to scale so as to generate a transaxial tomographic image equivalent to a clinical scan. Thus, with clinical multislice helical scanning, CT of the thorax generates 3D images that are approximately 300 to 400 mm in transverse diameter and are made up of voxels (a 3D picture-element or pixel) ‫ف‬ 1 mm 3 in volume. A "mini" CT scanner that is scaled to a proportional voxel resolution in a mouse (with a 20 mm thoracic diameter) would involve voxels ‫ف‬ 75 m in diameter. The mouse's lungs have a combined volume of about 1.3 cm 3 ; therefore, in the mouse a 3D volume of at least 2 cm 3 must be imaged to capture the entire lung. How- ever, the mouse heart and respiratory rate are much higher than in humans, so cardio-respiratory dynamic processes are much more difficult to image in mice than in humans (3) because the micro-CT scan durations are generally limited by the rate of X-ray production. If microscopic structures are to be imaged with micro-CT, image resolution...

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“…Results from animal experiments using micro-CT have proven its ability and value for three-dimensional imaging and morphometric analysis of alveolar tissue [6], for the detection and quantification of interstitial lung edema after perfusion with endotoxin [10], and for in-vivo and ex-vivo imaging and quantification in experimental models of lung fibrosis [11 -13]. Imaging of the lungs in small laboratory animals can be done in a respiratorygated manner in-vivo or after ligation of the trachea or major Fig.…”

Section: Quantitative Analysis Of Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative 3D Micro-CT Imaging of Human Lung Tissue

Kampschulte

Litzlbauer

Tscholl

et al. 2013

Fortschr Röntgenstr

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Purpose: To assess the feasibility of micro-CT for obtaining quantitative volumetric and morphologic information of changes in soft tissue, respiratory tracts and vascularization in fibrotic, emphysematous and non-diseased human lung specimens. Materials and Methods: Specimens from autopsy or lung explantation with lung fibrosis of UIP pattern (n?=?22) or centrilobular emphysema (n?=?10) were scanned by micro-CT and compared to controls (n?=?22). Imaging was performed subsequent to intravascular contrast enhancement for the assessment of the vascular volume fraction. The soft tissue and air fraction were quantified after the fixation of ventilated lungs followed by tissue contrast enhancement using osmium. Aiming an artifact-free 3?D reconstruction of lung acini, synchrotron-based micro-CT scans of specimens with emphysema (n?=?5) and non-diseased tissue (n?=?6) was performed. Micro-CT imaging was complemented by histology for the demonstration of comparable findings. Results: Quantitative analysis showed a significant increase of the soft tissue fraction, equivalent to a decrease of the air fraction in fibrotic lungs compared to controls (p?

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Acute Rat Lung Injury: Feasibility of Assessment with Micro-CT

Abstract: These findings indicate that micro-CT is feasible for structural evaluation of the lung fine structure and its alterations during endotoxin-induced lung injury.

Cited by 51 publications

References 41 publications

Combined Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and rt-PA Treatment is Safe and Improves Impaired Microcirculation after Reperfusion of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Combined Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and rt-PA Treatment is Safe and Improves Impaired Microcirculation after Reperfusion of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Micro-Computed Tomography of the Lungs and Pulmonary-Vascular System

Quantitative 3D Micro-CT Imaging of Human Lung Tissue

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