Acute renal failure secondary to ingestion of ayurvedic medicine containing mercury

Sathe, Kiran P; Ali, Uma; Ohri, Alpana

doi:10.4103/0971-4065.114485

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The proximal tubules are preferentially affected by mercury in the kidney [ 19 ]. Exposure to mercury can lead to tubular necrosis [ 20 – 22 ], tubulointerstitial nephritis [ 23 , 24 ], and immune-mediated glomerulonephritis [ 25 – 27 ]. Prolonged exposure may also induce interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cinnabar Induces Renal Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in Rats

Wang

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cinnabar causes renal inflammation and fibrosis in rats. Rats were dosed orally with cinnabar (1 g/kg/day) for 8 weeks or 12 weeks. The control rats were treated with solvent (5% carboxymethylcellulose solution) over the same time periods, respectively. Renal mercury (RHg), urinary mercury (UHg), serum creatinine (SCr), urine kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), renal pathology, and renal mediators were examined. At both 8 weeks and 12 weeks, RHg, UHg, and urine KIM-1 were significantly higher in the cinnabar group than in the control group, although SCr was unchanged. Kidney lesions in the cinnabar-treated rats occurred mainly in the tubules and interstitium, including vacuolization, protein casts, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and slight increase in interstitial collagen. In addition, mild mesangial proliferation was observed in glomeruli. Moreover, the expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators was upregulated in the cinnabar group. In conclusion, cinnabar may cause kidney damage due to the accumulation of mercury, and renal inflammation and slight fibrogenesis may occur in rats. In the clinic, the potential risk of renal injury due to the prolonged consumption of cinnabar should be considered even though the agent is relatively nontoxic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cinnabar Induces Renal Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in Rats

Wang

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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“…Mercuric chloride is still used as wood preservative, photographic intensifier, disinfectants and also in indigenous drug formulation, and folk remedies in Asian countries. [ 6 ] Once ingested, 10% of mercuric chloride is absorbed through the gut. The lethal dose of mercuric chloride is 300–1000 mg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement of mercury levels in blood (>3.6 mg/dl) and urine (>15 mg/dl) may be helpful in diagnosis. [ 6 ] Treatment for acute ingestion includes activated charcoal for gastrointestinal decontamination. Emesis is contraindicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute kidney injury and disseminated intravascular coagulation due to mercuric chloride poisoning

Dhanapriya¹,

Gopalakrishnan²,

Arun³

et al. 2016

Indian J Nephrol

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Mercury is a toxic heavy metal and occurs in organic and inorganic forms. Inorganic mercury includes elemental mercury and mercury salts. Mercury salts are usually white powder or crystals, and widely used in indigenous medicines and folk remedies in Asia. Inorganic mercury poisoning causes acute kidney injury (AKI) and gastrointestinal manifestations and can be life-threatening. We describe a case with unknown substance poisoning who developed AKI and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis. Later, the consumed substance was proven to be mercuric chloride. His renal failure improved over time, and his creatinine normalized after 2 months.

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“…Despite their utility, concerns are being raised regarding the safety and toxicity of traditional preparations and there is a need to address them appropriately. [ 1 2 3 4 ] Tamra Bhasma is one important Bhasma useful in many diseases. [ 5 ] If the metal is not processed properly, it may be hazardous to life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier transform infrared analysis of Tamra Bhasma at different levels: A preliminary study

Chaudhari

Rajput²,

Galib

et al. 2015

AYU

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Introduction:Tamra Bhasma, one among the herbo-metallic preparations is extensively used in Ayurveda for different conditions. To make it safe to use, Tamra has to pass through a set of classical pharmaceutical procedures including a series of quenching in prescribed liquids, followed by incineration with black sulfide of mercury and herbal juice of Citrus jambhiri Lush. and corm of Amorphophallus campanulatus Linn. FTIR profiles of Tamra Bhasma at different levels is not available.Aim:To evaluate the chemical changes in Tamra Bhasma at different steps by following Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Materials and Methods:In current study, raw Tamra, intermediate samples obtained during purification, incineration and Amritikarana were analyzed using FTIR.Results:It was observed that Shodhana procedure leads in the formation of bonds between surface particles of Tamra and Shodhana media. These formed bonds on the surface of Shodhita Tamra samples gave various sharp peaks representing presence of many functional groups.Conclusion:The FTIR spectra revealed that both Bhasma samples contained organic compounds probably in the form of a complex with common functional groups like alkyl, methyl, etc., which need further studies for exact characterization of the complexes.

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Acute renal failure secondary to ingestion of ayurvedic medicine containing mercury

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Cinnabar Induces Renal Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in Rats

Cinnabar Induces Renal Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in Rats

Acute kidney injury and disseminated intravascular coagulation due to mercuric chloride poisoning

Fourier transform infrared analysis of Tamra Bhasma at different levels: A preliminary study

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