Acute resistance exercise-induced IGF1 expression and subsequent GLUT4 translocation

Abstract

Acute aerobic exercise (AE) is a major physiological stimulus for skeletal muscle glucose uptake through activation of 5′ AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, the regulation of glucose uptake by acute resistance exercise (RE) remains unclear. To investigate the intracellular regulation of glucose uptake after acute RE versus acute AE, male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: RE, AE, or nonexercise control. After fasting for 12 h overnight, the right gastrocnemius muscle in the RE group was exercised at maximum isometric contraction via percutaneous electrical stimulation (3 × 10 sec, 5 sets). The AE group ran on a treadmill (25 m/min, 60 min). Muscle samples were taken 0, 1, and 3 h after completion of the exercises. AMPK, Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, and TBC1D1 phosphorylation were increased immediately after both forms of exercise and returned to baseline levels by 3 h. Muscle IGF1 expression was increased by RE but not AE, and maintained until 3 h after RE. Additionally, Akt and AS160 phosphorylation were sustained for 3 h after RE, whereas they returned to baseline levels by 3 h after AE. Similarly, GLUT4 translocation remained elevated 3 h after RE, although it returned to the baseline level by 3 h after AE. Overall, this study showed that AMPK/TBC1D1 and IGF1/Akt/AS160 signaling were enhanced by acute RE, and that GLUT4 translocation after acute RE was more prolonged than after acute AE. These results suggest that acute RE‐induced increases in intramuscular IGF1 expression might be a distinct regulator of GLUT4 translocation.

The effect of different acute muscle contraction regimens on the expression of muscle proteolytic signaling proteins and genes

“…; Kido et al. ). In this study, we observed that AMPK phosphorylation increased immediately after exercise regardless of the contraction mode used.…”

The effects of resistance training on bone mineral density and bone quality in type 2 diabetic rats

“…; Kido et al. ). Thus, we assumed that this rat resistance exercise model was suitable for evaluating the resistance exercise response in humans.…”

“…) than other representative methods, and it has been reported that resistance training using electrical stimulation could improve intramuscular glucose metabolism (Kido et al. , ). Therefore, we hypothesized that resistance training has beneficial effects on bone quality, which is reduced by T2DM.…”

Regulation of muscle protein metabolism by nutrition and exercise

“…Acute resistance exercise induces mTORC1 activation and ribosome biogenesis by mechanical stimuli 11,12) contraction-induced growth factors 13,14) , and metabolic stress 15) , and subsequently augments muscle protein synthesis by accelerating translation. Acute resistance exercise also increases muscle protein breakdown.…”