Acute respiratory infection in children from developing nations: A multi-level study

Pinzón-Rondón, Ángela María; Aguilera-Otalvaro, Paula Andrea; Zárate-Ardila, Carol; Hoyos-Martínez, Alfonso

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.636

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Children whose mothers have no or only a primary education have a much higher risk of ARI than children whose mothers have a secondary or higher degree of education. This statement is consistent with earlier findings [ 14 , 47 ]. This could be because education has improved mothers' ability to apply basic health knowledge and has facilitated their ability to manipulate their environment, including health care facilities, work more effectively with health professionals, follow treatment recommendations, and keep their environment clean.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This means mothers to stays at home may keep their child in a good and clear environment. This result was supported by [ 14 , 34 ]. The other explanation might be that, mothers who had work could be exposed to certain chemicals, pollutants, or toxic fumes within the working environment, thereby transmitting the infection to their children may be increased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Compared to a child more than 48 months, the chances of the child at the earlier age experiencing acute respiratory infection symptoms are higher. It is obvious that as a child grows older, he or she will have greater resistance to diseases such as cough and diarrhea [ 14 , 25 ]. Because children's immunity develops as they grow older, they are more prepared to battle infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute Lower respiratory infections (ALRI) were the leading cause of premature mortality across all ages in Ethiopia [ 12 ] and pneumonia, in particular, was the second most common cause of mortality in Northeast Ethiopia [ 13 ]. Numerous studies have found that socioeconomic and other characteristics, such as the child's age, household income, environmental conditions, parental education, maternal age, and other factors, are linked to ARI [ 14 – 18 ]. In addition, many cross-sectional studies conducted in different parts of the country reported an even higher prevalence of childhood ARI in Ethiopia which ranges from 16% up to 33.5% [ 19 – 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in rural Ethiopia

Merera

2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Introduction In low- and middle-income nations, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. According to some studies, Ethiopia has a higher prevalence of childhood acute respiratory infection, ranging from 16 to 33.5%. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for acute respiratory infection in children under the age of five in rural Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 7911 children under the age of five from rural Ethiopia was carried out from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A two stage cluster sampling technique was used recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to extract and analyze data. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with a childhood acute respiratory infection. The multivariable logistic regression analysis includes variables with a p-value less than 0.2 during the bivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were used as measures of effect with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with an acute respiratory infection. Results The total ARI prevalence rate among 7911 under-five children from rural Ethiopia was 7.8%, according to the findings of the study. The highest prevalence of ARI was found in Oromia (12.8%), followed by Tigray (12.7%), with the lowest frequency found in Benishangul Gumuz (2.4%). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that child from Poor household (AOR = 2.170, 95% CI: 1.631–2.887), mother’s no education (AOR = 2.050,95% CI: 1.017–4.133), mother’s Primary education (AOR = 2.387, 95% CI:1.176–4.845), child had not received vitamin A (AOR = 1.926, 95% CI:1.578–2.351), child had no diarrhea (AOR = 0.257, 95% CI: 0.210–0.314), mothers not working (AOR = 0.773, 95% CI:0.630–0.948), not stunted (AOR = 0.663, 95% CI: 0.552–0.796), and not improved water source (AOR = 1.715, 95% CI: 1.395–2.109). Similarly, among under-five children, the age of the child, the month of data collection, anemia status, and the province were all substantially linked to ARI. Conclusions Childhood ARI morbidity is a serious health challenge in rural Ethiopia, according to this study, with demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, health, and environmental factors all having a role. As a result, regional governments, healthcare staff, and concerned groups should place a priority on reducing ARI, and attempts to solve the issue should take these variables into account.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in rural Ethiopia

Merera

2021

BMC Infect Dis

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“…8,[12][13][14] Studies have documented the existence of social inequalities in child respiratory health. 7,15,16 For instance, Canadian studies found that low-income children with asthma have poor health care use, 12 limited or no medication adherence, 12,17 and high risk of hospitalisation. 11 In the province of Quebec, 18 researchers found increasing social inequalities in the hospitalisation for overall respiratory diseases in early childhood over time.…”

Section: Backg Rou N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health gradients in emergency visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases: A population‐based retrospective cohort study

Belon

Serrano-Lomelin

Nykiforuk

et al. 2020

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Background Socio‐economically deprived children face a disproportionate burden of respiratory diseases. The association between area‐level material and social deprivation and emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases has not been explored. Objectives We evaluated health inequalities in emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases according to material and social deprivation indexes. Methods This population‐based retrospective cohort study deterministically linked birth, ED visits and hospitalisation data, and census‐based, area‐level deprivation indexes for all singleton children born in the province of Alberta, Canada, between 2005 and 2010 who had at least one recorded ED visit or hospitalisation for respiratory diseases in their first five years of life. We classified ED visits and hospitalisations for seven respiratory diseases by deprivation indexes. Concentration indexes (CInd) and area‐level concentration curves measured health gradients across deprivation groups. Rate ratios (RR) evaluated associations between deprivation indexes and respiratory episodes of care. Results The study cohort included 198 572 newborns. The highest CInd were found in ED visits for other acute lower respiratory tract infections (oLRTI; CInd −0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.32, −0.12) and bronchiolitis (CInd −0.21, 95% CI −0.29, −0.12), and for pneumonia hospitalisations (CInd −0.23, 95% CI −0.33, −0.13). Croup ED visits had a low inequality degree. Compared to social deprivation, the material deprivation index presented a more consistent health gradient of increased episodes of care with increasing deprivation. oLRTI ED visits (RR 2.60, 95% CI 2.34, 2.92) and pneumonia hospitalisations (RR 2.57, 95% CI 2.31, 2.86) presented the largest inequalities between the least and most materially deprived groups. Conclusions We found a concentration of ED visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases in the most deprived groups. However, health inequalities are present across the material and social deprivation spectrum. Compared to the social deprivation index, the material index presented clearer paediatric respiratory health gradients.

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Prevalence and predictors of acute respiratory infection among children under-five years in Tigray regional state, northern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Gebrerufael,

Hagos

2023

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Acute respiratory infection is still one of the leading causes of child morbidity and mortality worldwide. Developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia continue to share an overburden of this infection. Studies showed that different predictor factors were associated with the occurrence of childhood acute respiratory infection. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated predictor factors of acute respiratory infection among children under-five years in the Tigray Regional State, northern Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was done from January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016. A total of 986 children under-five years were selected for this study. The logistic regression model analysis was employed to examine the predictor factors of childhood acute respiratory infection. Both bi-variable and multivariable data analysis was performed using STATA version 14.0. Results Overall, the study showed that the two weeks prevalence of acute respiratory infection among children under-five years was 16.10% [95%CI: 13.80–18.40]. According to the multivariable logistic regression model analysis, children aged (24–60) months (AOR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.352–0.98), rich wealth index of households (AOR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.378–0.959), diarrhea status of children (AOR: 3, 95%CI: 1.97–4.73), and mothers smoking cigarettes (AOR: 4, 95%CI: 1.15–16.50), were significant predictors of acute respiratory infection. Conclusion The prevalence of ARI displays that Tigray regional state was experiencing a higher ARI rate than the national level. The current study identified the low wealth index of households, children aged (24–60 months), mothers smoking cigarettes, and diarrhea status of the children as crucial predictor factors for ARI. Interventions should be improved to these modifiable major predictor factors that significantly decrease the ARI problem among under-five children.

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Acute respiratory infection in children from developing nations: A multi-level study

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Determinants of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in rural Ethiopia

Determinants of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in rural Ethiopia

Health gradients in emergency visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases: A population‐based retrospective cohort study

Prevalence and predictors of acute respiratory infection among children under-five years in Tigray regional state, northern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

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