Acute respiratory infections among under-5 children in India: A situational analysis

Selvaraj, Kalaiselvi; Chinnakali, Palanivel; Majumdar, Anindo; Krishnan, Iswarya Santhana

doi:10.4103/0976-9668.127275

Cited by 79 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…About 11.9 million episodes of severe and 3.0 million episodes of very severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) result in hospital admissions in young children worldwide . India is predicted to have over 700 million episodes of ARI and 52 million episodes of pneumonia per year . Respiratory infections and illnesses in children thus form a substantial disease burden in emergency care, outpatients, and hospitalized patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of respiratory illnesses in pediatric intensive care unit and predictors of mortality: Experience from a low resource country

Divecha¹,

Tullu²,

Chaudhary³

2019

Pediatric Pulmonology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction and Objectives Acute respiratory infections (ARI), a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity, place substantial burden on health services worldwide. Due to scarce data regarding respiratory illnesses requiring Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions (especially in low income/developing countries), we studied the burden of respiratory illnesses in the PICU and the risk factors contributing to mortality. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months. Children (aged 1 month to 12 years) admitted to the PICU for acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory illnesses were enrolled. Demographic and clinical details of the study population were recorded and tabulated. Risk factors contributing to mortality (severity of illness [PRISM III score], diagnosis/etiology, need for mechanical ventilation, immunocompromised status, malnutrition, and length of stay [LOS]) were analyzed (using the χ2 test or Fischer Exact test). Results Two hundred and ninety‐three children were enrolled (median age: 5 months; range, 1‐132 months; male/female: 181/112). Mean LOS in PICU was 5.25 ± 5.48 days and mean length of hospital stay of 14.82 ± 13.35 days. Mechanical ventilation was required in 62.8% cases. Pneumonia contributed to 66.89% of respiratory admissions and 91% of mortality. Ninety patients (30.7%) died; mortality being higher in cardiorespiratory cases (52.7%). PRISM III score and shock (respiratory cases) and age below 1 year (cardiorespiratory group) were significantly associated with higher mortality ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Respiratory illnesses are a significant contributor to PICU admissions and are associated with significant mortality risk in presence of high PRISM III score and shock (respiratory group); and age below 1 year (cardiorespiratory group).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of respiratory illnesses in pediatric intensive care unit and predictors of mortality: Experience from a low resource country

Divecha¹,

Tullu²,

Chaudhary³

2019

Pediatric Pulmonology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Acute respiratory infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children [11,12]. Although respiratory infections are common in children, a specific diagnosis is rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Particulate Matter in Urban Environments: A Trigger of Respiratory Symptoms in Sensitive Children

Dunea

Iordache

Pohoata

2016

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The overall objective of this research was to study children’s respiratory illness levels in Targoviste (Romania) in relationship to the outdoor concentrations of airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 µm (PM2.5). We monitored and analysed the PM2.5 concentrations according to a complex experimental protocol. The health trial was conducted over three months (October–December 2015) and required the active cooperation of the children’s parents to monitor carefully the respiratory symptoms of the child, i.e., coughing, rhinorrhoea, wheezing, and fever, as well as their outdoor program. We selected the most sensitive children (n = 25; age: 2–10 years) with perturbed respiratory health, i.e., wheezing, asthma, and associated symptoms. The estimated average PM2.5 doses were 0.8–14.5 µg·day−1 for weekdays, and 0.4–6.6 µg·day−1 for the weekend. The frequency and duration of the symptoms decreased with increasing age. The 4- to 5-year old children recorded the longest duration of symptoms, except for rhinorrhoea, which suggested that this age interval is the most vulnerable to exogenous trigger agents (p < 0.01) compared to the other age groups. PM2.5 air pollution was found to have a direct positive correlation with the number of wheezing episodes (r = 0.87; p < 0.01) in November 2015. Monitoring of wheezing occurrences in the absence of fever can provide a reliable assessment of the air pollution effect on the exacerbation of asthma and respiratory disorders in sensitive children.

show abstract

“…It is important to note that acute respiratory infections include a spectrum of severity, within which the majority of the milder infections may go undetected, due to the lack of uniformity of illness definition and misclassification errors. Thus, the incidence of respiratory infections can be based reliably on only community‐based longitudinal cohorts rather than hospital‐based studies . And with regard to asthma, few studies have reported incidence rates for pediatric asthma in the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric respiratory tract diseases: Chronological trends and perspectives

Ayed

Yaïch

Jmaa

et al. 2017

Pediatrics International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of childhood respiratory tract diseases (RTD) in the region of Sfax, Tunisia, and to evaluate their trends over a 13 year period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all children hospitalized with RTD aged under 14 years. We collected data from the regional morbidity register of the university hospital of Sfax from 2003 to 2015.Results: A total of 10 797 RTD patients were enrolled from 49 880 pediatric hospitalizations (21.7%). A male predominance was noted (60%). The median age was 8 months (IQR, 2-36 months). Acute bronchitis (AB) accounted for 53.8%, followed by asthma (15%), pneumonia (14%) and acute upper respiratory infection (AURI; 7.2%). The hospital incidence rate (HIR) of RTD was 34/10 000 inhabitants/year. It was 18.2; 5.07; 4.7 and 2.4/10 000 inhabitants for AB, asthma, pneumonia and AURI, respectively. We noted a significant increase in the HIR of RTD with an annual percentage change (APC) of 10.94% (P < 0.001); in the HIR of AB (APC, 5.27%; P < 0.001); and in asthma HIR (APC, 11.2%; P < 0.001). Otherwise, a significant decrease in AURI HIR was observed (APC, -8.8%; P < 0.001). AB lethality rate increased significantly, with an APC of 7.4% (P < 0.001). Projected trends analysis up to 2024 showed a significant rise in AB and in asthma, while AURI would significantly decrease. Conclusions: RTD continues to be a serious health problem over time in terms of morbidity and mortality. Preventive and curative strategies are needed urgently.Key words hospital, pediatric, projection, respiratory tract disease, trend.Respiratory tract diseases (RTD) continue to be a serious health problem worldwide. They confer a significant economic burden with regard to the funding of health resources and disability care loads. Among children, RTD contribute to increase mortality and morbidity. Pediatric hospital morbidity studies allow us to determine the epidemiological profile of a population and to orient interventional strategies accordingly. In Tunisia, as in developing countries, RTD represent a challenge to public health because of their frequency, severity, projected trends, and economic impact. There have been persistently high rates of RTD, particularly of asthma and acute bronchitis, in pediatric hospitalizations, which were often unrecognized. 1,2In Tunisia, according to previous data, the prevalence of asthma was estimated to be around 4.3% in 2008 in children, in second place after the elderly. 3 Bronchiolitis hospitalizations have increased considerably since 1980, resulting in a problem for public health in Tunisia and the whole world. 4 This alarming situation prompted authorities and health-care managers to plan preventive actions as soon as possible. Climate factors and environmental change play a major role in the epidemiology of pulmonary infectious diseases, resulting in significant seasonal variations in terms of prevalence.5 Better knowledge of the new epidemiological profile will help decision makers to ...

show abstract

Acute respiratory infections among under-5 children in India: A situational analysis

Cited by 79 publications

References 34 publications

Burden of respiratory illnesses in pediatric intensive care unit and predictors of mortality: Experience from a low resource country

Burden of respiratory illnesses in pediatric intensive care unit and predictors of mortality: Experience from a low resource country

Fine Particulate Matter in Urban Environments: A Trigger of Respiratory Symptoms in Sensitive Children

Pediatric respiratory tract diseases: Chronological trends and perspectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About