Acute respiratory infections among under-five children from households using biomass fuel in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections are a serious public health concern across the globe, they are, however, prominently present in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, different primary studies were conducted in regard to the link between household biomass fuel use and acute respiratory infections among under-five children. However, there is no national study on the association between household biomass fuel use and acute respiratory infections among under-five children. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of acute respiratory infections and its predictors among under-five children in Ethiopia.The systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. We systematically searched the databases: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to access potentially relevant articles conducted in Ethiopia about acute respiratory infections among under five children. Stata/SE 14.00 statistical software was used for analysis and the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented using tables and forest plots. To assess the heterogeneity among studies, I square (I2) tests were used. Publication bias was checked by Begg’s and Egger’s regression test. The random effects meta-analysis model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence and predictors of under-five acute respiratory infectionsA total of 7 studies with 8,529 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of acute respiratory infection was 17.75% (95% CI: 16.95, 18.55). Child holding during cooking (OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.47) and using unclean sources of energy for cooking (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.70) were identified predictors of under-five children acute respiratory infection.In the current study, the pooled prevalence of acute respiratory infection among under-five children was relatively high. Child holding during cooking and using unclean sources of energy for cooking were significantly associated with under five acute respiratory infections. Therefore, the policies and regulations enacted should address the barriers that impede the development of clean and efficient energy sources.

Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh

“…These findings show an association between solid fuel consumption in households and ARI episodes in children under-5 years old, which is consistent with previous studies ( 62 ). A few studies, however, have failed to establish a relationship between smoke and ARI ( 63 ).…”

Association between the Use of Biomass as Fuel for Cooking and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under 5 Years of Age in Peru: An Analysis of a Population‐Based Survey, 2019

“…is decrease in biomass use could be due to the creation of laws and programs to guarantee universal access to clean fuel (LPG) through the implementation of modern kitchens since 2012, which would guarantee less pollution production inside homes [29,30]. Chronic exposure to high levels of PM 2.5 and PM 10, products generated from biomass burning, is related to higher morbidity and mortality by various causes [31][32][33]. erefore, it is necessary to increase the purchase and distribution of cleaner fuels in the homes of the country, ensuring a reasonable price for the most vulnerable populations, such as those located in rural areas.…”

“…is stimulates an inflammatory response in the airways [41,42] and greater tissue damage favoring the development of respiratory diseases [32]. is would explain the effects that domestic air pollution has on health, which is why it is a problem for global public health and requires greater efforts in the areas of prevention and mitigation through the formulation of policies, with special emphasis on rural zones.…”

Differentials in the Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Under-Five Children: An Analysis of 37 Sub-Saharan Countries

“…Studies in the SSA region and other emerging economies have observed a correlation between ARIs and age, 7 , 11 - 13 sex, 12 , 14 immunization status, 12 HIV infection, 3 diarrheal comorbidity, 2 , 14 malnutrition 14 , 15 and improper weaning timing. 15 Several research has demonstrated the association between parental characteristics and ARIs, including parent age, 13 , 16 - 18 work status 12 and educational level. 3 , 12 Other variables have been implicated to an elevated risk of ARIs, such as socioeconomic status, 11 , 15 home type 18 and household size, as well as lack of hygiene and sanitation facilities, 17 have been linked with increased risk of ARIs.…”