Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pham, Hai; Rahman, Aninda; Majidi, Azam; Waterhouse, Mary; Neale, Rachel E.

doi:10.3390/ijerph16173020

Cited by 121 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Several systematic reviews show that levels of this vitamin are inversely related to respiratory tract infection [ 109 , 110 ] and underlines that individuals with low vitamin D levels show an increased risk of viral tract infections, concluding that its supplementation can reduce the risk of respiratory tract infections [ 82 , 111 ].…”

Section: Immunonutrition: the Role Of Specific Nutrients And Microbiomentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient?

et al. 2020

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On December 12, 2019 a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, triggering a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). Today, the scientific community is investing all the resources available to find any therapy and prevention strategies to defeat COVID-19. In this context, immunonutrition can play a pivotal role in improving immune responses against viral infections. Immunonutrition has been based on the concept that malnutrition impairs immune function. Therefore, immunonutrition involves feeding enriched with various pharmaconutrients (Omega 3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin C, Arginine, Glutamine, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamin, E and Vitamin D) to modulate inflammatory responses, acquired immune response and to improve patient outcomes. In literature, significant evidences indicate that obesity, a malnutrition state, negatively impacts on immune system functionality and on host defense, impairing protection from infections. Immunonutrients can promote patient recovery by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating immune function. Immune system dysfunction is considered to increase the risk of viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, and was observed in different pathological situations. Obese patients develop severe COVID-19 sequelae, due to the high concentrations of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 produced in the meantime by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and by innate immunity. Moreover, leptin, released by adipose tissue, helps to increase inflammatory milieu with a dysregulation of the immune response. Additionally, gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the maturation, development and functions of both innate and adaptive immune system, as well as contributing to develop obese phenotype. The gut microbiota has been shown to affect lung health through a vital crosstalk between gut microbiota and lungs, called the “gut-lung axis”. This axis communicates through a bi-directional pathway in which endotoxins, or microbial metabolites, may affect the lung through the blood and when inflammation occurs in the lung, this in turn can affect the gut microbiota. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota in obese COVID-19 patients can play a key role in immunonutrition therapeutic strategy. This umbrella review seeks to answer the question of whether a nutritional approach can be used to enhance the immune system’s response to obesity in obese patients affected by COVID-19.

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Section: Immunonutrition: the Role Of Specific Nutrients And Microbiomentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient?

et al. 2020

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“…Some nutritional facts have been advocated to prevent RTI infection in athletes. Protective role of vitamin D has been invoked for normal population [22], albeit in athlete there was found any effect [23] of Vitamin D supplementation in preventing respiratory tract infections. Vitamin C and E has also been advocated [24], has as protective substances, thus fruit consumption [25].…”

Section: Sport and Upper Respiratory Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper respiratory tract infections and the immune system response. A review.

Cicchella

2020

Preprint

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Purpose: the spreading of the COVID-19 epidemic raised a question on why very well trained, healthy, and young athletes have been infected. In this review, the emerging topic in the field of sport immunology has been studied with the aim to provide advice on how strengthening the immune system (IS) and how to help the recover after heavy effort and prevent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in athletes. Methods: a literature search was performed on available public scientific databases. Results: URTI, a common illness among heavy trained athletes, happens in the time frame of temporary depression of the IS following heavy training or competition. T cells has been identified as the main factor in the immune response to counteract the cascade mediators of inflammation. Life habits, environmental and psycho-social factors such as sleep loss and life stressors are the major causes of IS depression, and it emerge that there is an optimal training load exposure which reinforce the IS, while too low or too much training being detrimental. Conclusions: immunodepression in heavy trained athletes can be counteracted with a proper distribution of training loads, nutritional interventions, correction of lifestyle habits such as sleep hygiene, thermotherapy, and recovery techniques. Psycho-social interventions also seem to have a positive effect on reducing the post exercise inflammation and in boosting the IS response. Novel bioinformatic approaches can help to understand the IS response in athletes and the management of critical situations.

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“…3,17,26,27 1,1 95%CI = 0,88-1,16). 30,31,32 Berdasarkan perbedaan besarnya risiko kejadian ISPA yang dapat dicegah menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi vitamin A dosis tinggi dengan hanya 2 kali pertahun lebih efektif dan efisien dalam menurunkan angka kejadian ISPA bagi balita khususnya di negara-negara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. 18,27 Case Fatality Rate (CFR) infeksi saluran pernapasan akut pada balita lebih tinggi pada negara berkembang dibanding negara maju.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Efektivitas Suplementasi Vitamin A terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita

Rosa

2020

MKMI

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Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) masih merupakan penyebab tingginya morbiditas dan mortalitas pada balita di seluruh dunia dan penyumbangsepertiga kematian balita di negara berkembang.Kekurangan vitamin A adalah salah satu faktor penyebab ISPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas suplementasi vitamin A dalam menurunkan kejadian ISPA. Desain penelitian observasional unmatched case control study dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, subjek penelitian adalah ibu dari balita usia 12-59 bulan di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Pengambilan sampel kelompok kasus dan kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:3 sehingga besar sampel adalah 228 orang. Analisis data meliputi univariat untuk menghitung distribusi frekuensi karakterisitik subjek penelitian, bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian, balita yang tidak mendapat vitamin A dua kali setahun memiliki risiko 2,1 kali lebih besar mengalami ISPA dibandingkan balita yang mendapatkan vitamin A dua kali pertahun. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa balita yang tidak mendapatkan vitamin A dua kali setahun memiliki risiko lebih besar mengalami ISPA dibandingkan balita yang mendapatkan vitamin A dua kali pertahun dan berdasarkan besarnya risiko yang dapat dicegah maka suplementasi vitamin A hingga saat ini masih efektif dalam menurunkan kejadian ISPA pada balita di Kabupaten OKU.

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Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 121 publications

References 49 publications

COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient?

COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient?

Upper respiratory tract infections and the immune system response. A review.

Efektivitas Suplementasi Vitamin A terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita

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