Acute responses to exercise training and relationship with exercise adherence in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

The objectives of our study were to (i) compare, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, acute responses to continuous training at high intensity (CTHI), continuous training at ventilatory threshold (CTVT) and interval training (IT); (ii) examine associations between acute responses and 12-week adherence; and (iii) investigate whether the relationship between acute responses and adherence is mediated/moderated by affect/vigour. Thirty-five COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 second = 60.2 ± 15.8% predicted), underwent baseline assessments, were randomly assigned to CTHI, CTVT or IT, were monitored throughout about before training, and underwent 12 weeks of exercise training during which adherence was tracked. Compared with CTHI, CTVT was associated with lower respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and respiratory rate (RR), while IT induced higher [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]maximal voluntary ventilation, RR and lower pulse oxygen saturation. From pre- to post-exercise, positive affect increased (F = 9.74, p < 0.001) and negative affect decreased (F = 6.43, p = 0.005) across groups. CTVT reported greater end-exercise vigour compared to CTHI (p = 0.01) and IT (p = 0.02). IT exhibited lowest post-exercise vigour (p = 0.04 versus CTHI, p = 0.02 versus CTVT) and adherence rate (F = 6.69, p = 0.004). Mean [Formula: see text] (r = -0.466, p = 0.007) and end-exercise vigour (r = 0.420, p = 0.017) were most strongly correlated with adherence. End-exercise vigour moderated the relationship between [Formula: see text] and adherence (β = 2.74, t(32) = 2.32, p = 0.03). In summary, CTHI, CTVT and IT improved affective valence from rest to post-exercise and induced a significant 12-week exercise training effect. However, they elicited different acute physiological responses, which in turn were associated with differences in 12-week adherence to the target training intensity. This association was moderated by acute end-exercise vigour.

The effects of manipulation of Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type (FITT) on exercise adherence: A meta‐analysis

“…The trials were conducted in Australia (n = 2), Canada (n = 3), England (n = 1), Norway (n = 1), and the United States (n = 13) . The intervention settings included community settings (n = 9), hospital or clinic (n = 2), laboratory (n = 12), and home (n = 2) . The number of participants included in each trial ranged from 17 to 379, with the number of women in each trial ranging from 0 to 239.…”

“…For frequency, interventions included 5‐7 days/wk and 3‐4 days/wk . For intensity, interventions included high intensity (80% VO 2 peak, 90%‐95% Max HR), moderate intensity (55%‐59% HRR, 65% HRpeak, 70%‐75% Max HR, 40%‐55% VO 2 peak, 40%‐55% HRR), low intensity (50% VO 2 peak), ventilatory threshold (99.8 ± 2.4% Max HR), high‐intensity interval training (75%‐90% HRR, 90% HRpeak), and vigorous intensity (65%‐80% VO 2 peak, 65%‐80% HRR) . For time, interventions included choice, 1 × 30‐minute session, 3 × 10‐minute sessions, long bout (30 minutes), and short bout (10 minutes) .…”

“…For type, interventions included swimming, walking, resistance training, aerobic, and walking/jogging . Fourteen of the trials were supervised …”

“…In all articles, the population was adequately categorized. Finally, dropouts were listed and described in the majority of articles (n = 16) …”

“…Contrary to Rhodes et al, who reported that FITT manipulation did not affect exercise behavior adherence, we found a moderate negative effect for increasing exercise intensity. These differences may be due to the addition of five studies published in the preceding 11 years and the exclusion of 10 articles that were included in the Rhodes et al study. The 10 articles were excluded because we were unable to determine study effect sizes, in particular, the articles did not report adherence (%) and did not manipulate a component of the FITT principle …”