Acute restraint stress provokes sudden cardiac death in normotensive rats and enhances susceptibility to arrhythmogenic effects of adrenaline in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Liu, Jinyao; Hakucho, Ayako; Liu, Xu; Fujimiya, Tatsuya

doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.05.003

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a plausible mechanism for ARDs during weighted restraint, considering that stimulants like cocaine and methamphetamine have been found at autopsy in some cases 8 . Acute restraint stress in a study of rats was associated with increased incidence of SCD from lethal bradycardia and increased cardiac sympathetic activation 24 . Including HR data collection and HR variability analysis in a future study could provide insight on the extent to which different restraint postures contribute to sympathetic nervous system activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thoracic weighting of restrained subjects during exhaustion recovery causes loss of lung reserve volume in a model of police arrest

Campbell

Dakin

Stowe

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Restraint asphyxia has been proposed as a mechanism for some arrest-related deaths that occur during or shortly after a suspect is taken into custody. Our analysis of the literature found that prone positioning, weight applied to the back, recovery after simulated pursuit, and restraint position have led to restrictive, but non life-threatening respiratory changes when tested in subsets. However, the combined effects of all four parameters have not been tested together in a single study. We hypothesized that a complete protocol with high-sensitivity instrumentation could improve our understanding of breathing physiology during weighted restraint. We designed an electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-based protocol for this purpose and measured the 3D distribution of ventilation within the thorax. Here, we present the results from a study on 17 human subjects that revealed FRC declines during weighted restrained recovery from exercise for subjects in the restraint postures, but not the control posture. These prolonged FRC declines were consistent with abdominal muscle recruitment to assist the inspiratory muscles, suggesting that subjects in restraint postures have increased work of breathing compared to controls. Upon removal of the weighted load, lung reserve volumes gradually increased for the hands-behind-the-head restraint posture but continued to decrease for subjects in the hands-behind-the-back restraint posture. We discuss the possible role this increased work of breathing may play in restraint asphyxia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thoracic weighting of restrained subjects during exhaustion recovery causes loss of lung reserve volume in a model of police arrest

Campbell

Dakin

Stowe

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Overreaction of the autonomic nervous system to a chronic or unexpected stressor can produce cardiovascular dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that acute restraint stress caused lethal bradycardia associated with the shift of cardiac sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance in rats, and patients with major depressive disorder were shown to have extraordinarily high sympathetic nervous activity, including the sympathetic outflow to the heart [14,27]. In the present study, 5 kinds of stressful situations were used in the CCS project, and the effects of CCS on the progress of atherosclerosis, a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, were assessed.…”

Section: Ccs Accelerated the Development Of Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…CCS was performed during the last month of the study. It consisted of 5 stressors (physical and psychosocial stressors) at different stress exposure levels presented in random order, similar to stressors that develop in humans, was produced with reference to previous studies [14,15]. In brief, these included restraint stress (physical stressor): mice were placed for a certain period of time in individual vented plexiglass restrainers without tail movement limitation; conspecific exposure (psychosocial stressor): two mice (each from a different cage) were placed together in a new cage with clean bedding devoid of signals (i.e.…”

Section: Ccs Protocol In Conscious Micementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important for animal models to mimic the natural courses of disease and stress responses found in humans; unfortunately, stress in humans is complex, and the animal models of stress used in previous studies are very limited in complexity [see review in reference 6]. Referring to methods in previous studies, we used a chronic complex stress mouse model in the present study [6,14]. This mouse model consisted of the physical and psychosocial stressors of different types and intensities, presented in a random order, similar to what human's experience.…”

Section: Animal Stress Models For Atherosclerosis Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chronic complex stress combined atherogenic diet accelerates the process of atherosclerosis in mice

Liu¹,

Himemiya-Hakucho²,

Liu³

et al. 2018

Integr Mol Med

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The effects of stress on the atherosclerosis are complex. Here we discuss how the chronic complex stress (CCS), when combined with an atherogenic diet (AD), leads to the development of atherosclerosis in mice. The CCS mouse model consisted of physical and psychosocial stressors of different types and intensities presented in a random order. Eighty-seven mice were divided into a standard chow diet (n=44) and AD (n=43) groups and bred for 4 months. Both groups were subdivided into groups without and with CCS treatment. The CCS was performed during the last month of the study. Ultrasound bio microscopy, histopathological and fluorescence immunohistochemical examinations, ELISA, PCR, and flow cytometry were used. We showed that CCS, when combined with atherogenic diet, resulted in accelerated process of the atherosclerosis, as measured by the maximum intima media thickness and hypoechoic plaque formation in the ultrasound bio microscopy, mean aortic well area in the hematoxylin and eosin staining, max Oil-Red-O content in the Oil Red O staining, and the aortic triglyceride level. These changes were accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and excessive inflammation based on down-regulation of aortic Nos3 mRNA expression, up-regulation of aortic syndecan-1 (Sdc1) and thrombomodulin (Thbd) mRNA expressions, and an increased percentage of CD45-positive cells in the aorta. Stressed mice had upregulation of aortic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α) gene expression, co-up-regulation of aortic nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (Nr3c1) and Nfkb1 mRNA expressions, and hyperactivity of adrenal gland function based on increased phenyl ethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and NR3C1-positive cells, up-regulation of Nr3c1 and Pnmt mRNA expressions in the adrenal gland. These observations may demonstrate that CCS, via hyperactivity of the adrenal gland and aortic proinflammatory cytokine (Tnf-α)-related co-up-regulation of aortic Nr3c1 and Nfkb1 gene expressions, accelerated the atherosclerosis development in mice, especially when combined with atherogenic diet.

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“…Stressful events are recurrent in modern life, and there is growing evidence of a link between life stress and development of psychiatric and cardiovascular disorders (Dedic et al, 2018). Exposure to psychological and emotional stress is related to autonomic dysfunction, hypertension, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, anxiety, and depression (Cohen et al, 2015;Gullette et al, 1997;Kivimäki and Steptoe, 2018;Liu et al, 2016;Steptoe and Kivimäki, 2012). In fact, acute stress leads to activation of the sympathetic nervous system, generating cardiovascular adjustment and an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envolvimento da ocitocina nos efeitos centrais e periféricos evocados pelo estresse por restrição em ratos

Filho¹

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Aos meus pais. Se eu voo longe é porque tenho meus maiores apoiadores desde o primeiro momento da minha vida.In memorian a Raimundo Nonato de Araújo Salgado, tio Salgadinho. Esteja onde estiver sei que também vibra e comemora mais esta etapa da minha carreira. AGRADECIMENTOSÀ Deus e Nsª Srª de Nazaré, quando a racionalidade falha me apego ao espiritual e Nele me conforto. Mãezinha que todo paraense tem, nunca me faltou e nunca me falte. Obrigado pelo amparo nos momentos de fraqueza. Aos meus pais, Cora e Ivaldo Belém, por todo o amor que me dedicaram em todos os momentos, por todo o apoio incondicional, por todos os conselhos e por todo aceite das minhas decisões. Amo vocês indefinidamente e sempre os honrarei com o meu melhor. Obrigado por tudo! Ao meu orientador Prof Dr Fernando Morgan de Aguiar Corrêa, além de um exímio cientista é um grande homem! Professor Morgan o sr aceitou me orientar, confiar e acreditar em mim quando eu mesmo não acreditava e me mostrou que podemos ser incríveis profissionais sem perder a gentileza e educação. Se um dia em for 10% do ser humano que você é, sei que serei feliz e realizado em tudo o que me propor. Obrigado pela formação cientifica e humanista! Uma honra muito grande ser seu aluno. Aos meus irmãos: Cristiane, Izídio e Izabela. Que nossa irmandade sempre cresça e que continuemos nos apoiando e vibrando uns pelos outros. Obrigado pelo apoio, aceitação e amor! Obrigado pelos meus sobrinhos, amores do titio: Marco, Beatriz, Julia e João. Ao João Marcelo, este trabalho também foi possível graças a você! Obrigado por compartilhar sonhos e planos comigo, que seu futuro seja brilhante e que nosso sentimento, respeito e admiração mútuos continue em qualquer relação que tenhamos. Desejo o melhor a você sempre! Obrigado pelo suporte, com você compartilhei o melhor! Em extensão, agradeço a Família Gomide Ferreira, que me apoiou e deu sensação de lar e família mesmo distante da minha própria.Por falar em família, agradeço aos meus amores Lucas Nunes e Bruna Domingues, vocês foram a minha família por anos, um irmão e uma irmã que tive a sorte de dividir a vida. Obrigado por me apresentarem Ribeirão e compartilhar a vida de vocês comigo, nunca me senti só graças a vocês dois! Amo vocês e obrigado pelo Samuel, vocês vão ser os pais mais legais da escolinha do Samuel.Aos meus amigos que a pós-graduação me deu: Atlante, Gabriel, Jeimison, Mouzarllem e Timna.Uma vez ouvi que amigos são irmãos que a gente escolhe, e saibam que eu escolhi vocês. Esses anos só foram mais divertidos e leves graças a vocês. Obrigado pelos almoços, conversas, cafés e momentos incontáveis de suporte e amor. Amo vocês daqui até o infinito, seus futuros serão brilhantes.À Amigos também que trago comigo nessa caminhada desde a graduação e mestrado: Alana, Diandra, James, Klaylton, Mírian, Rosana e Thalita, independentemente de onde estamos nesse mundo eu sei que sempre estão torcendo por mim, assim como eu por vocês. Amizade não é estar junto fisicamente é apenas estar.Aos meus amigos e companheiros do Laboratório de ...

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Acute restraint stress provokes sudden cardiac death in normotensive rats and enhances susceptibility to arrhythmogenic effects of adrenaline in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Thoracic weighting of restrained subjects during exhaustion recovery causes loss of lung reserve volume in a model of police arrest

Thoracic weighting of restrained subjects during exhaustion recovery causes loss of lung reserve volume in a model of police arrest

The chronic complex stress combined atherogenic diet accelerates the process of atherosclerosis in mice

Envolvimento da ocitocina nos efeitos centrais e periféricos evocados pelo estresse por restrição em ratos

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