Acute rhinosinusitis during Hajj season 2014: Prevalence of bacterial infection and patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility

Marglani, Osama; Alherabi, Ameen Z.; Herzallah, Islam R.; Saati, Faisal A.; Tantawy, Enas A.; Alandejani, Talal; Faidah, Hani; Bawazeer, Naif; Marghalani, Abdullah A.; Madani, Tariq A.

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.11.004

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Anaerobic organisms have been reported as causes of acute maxillary sinusitis. (19,21,23) Similar studies have also reported that bacterial cultures were negative in certain proportion of suspected cases of acute community acquired sinusitis (24,25). This is similar to the finding in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Gram negative bacteria constituted the majority (54.76%) of the aerobic organisms isolated from the maxillary antral specimens of patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis in this study and also, Pseudomonas aeruginosa constituted 19.05% of all the aerobic isolates and 34.78% of the gram negative organisms. The predominance of gram negative organisms among the aerobic pathogenic agents in chronic maxillary sinusitis was also reported in similar studies (8,20,24,25). This has been attributed to nonhygienic care and misuse of antibiotics, a problem in developing countries, which generally leads to persistence of resistance strains and chronicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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Aerobic bacteria and fungal isolates in maxillary sinusitis of adults in a resource poor environment

Fasunla¹,

Fayemiwo²,

Bakare³

et al. 2018

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Background: Infective rhinosinusitis is a common clinical condition which if left unattended to could result in various degrees of both morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify aerobic and fungal organisms implicated in acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis and determine their antibiotic sensitivity patterns among adults in South Western Nigeria. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study of adults with clinical and radiological diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis treated at the University College Hospital, Ibadan over a period of one-year. Semi-structured questionnaire was administered to each consented adult to obtain relevant demographic and clinical data. Maxillary antral proof puncture was done to obtain specimen for microscopy, culture and sensitivity for aerobic bacterial and fungal isolates. Descriptive statistics was used in the data analysis. Results: Seventy-nine patients (49.4% males and 50.6% females) with acute maxillary sinusitis (17.7%), and chronic maxillary sinusitis (82.3%) were recruited into the study. The mean age of the patients was 32.9 years (SD=12.78; Range: 19-59). All patients presented with rhinorrhea while 92.8% had nasal obstruction. Fifty eight (73.4%) patients had history of antibiotic usage before presentation. Eight (57.1%) of the specimens from acute maxillary sinusitis cases and 40 (61.5%) of the specimens from chronic maxillary sinusitis yielded significant growth of bacteria and fungi respectively while 2 (3.5%) yielded mixed bacterial growth. Organisms commonly isolated from these specimens were Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Aspergillus spp. The bacteria isolates were sensitive to Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Perfloxacin, Sparfloxacin and Ceftriaxone. Conclusion: The leading aerobic bacterial isolates from acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis were Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Fungal infections are seen only in chronic cases. It is recommended that where there are no microbiologic laboratory facilities, any of Ciprofloxacin, Perfloxacin, Sparfloxacin, and Amoxicillin can be administered empirically to treat infective maxillary sinusitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Aerobic bacteria and fungal isolates in maxillary sinusitis of adults in a resource poor environment

Fasunla¹,

Fayemiwo²,

Bakare³

et al. 2018

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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“…RTIs are among the leading causes of admission to hospitals in Mina, Mecca, and Medina during the Hajj period (Table 2). Most cases are upper respiratory tract infections [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], but severe respiratory tract infections [17] and pneumonia are not uncommon among pilgrims [18, 19, 20•]. Respiratory diseases were the second cause of mortality in Indonesian pilgrims during the Hajj (following cardiovascular diseases) [35].…”

Section: Respiratory Infections At the Hajjmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predominance of bacterial pathogens in Hajj-related gastrointestinal infections poses a major risk to public health through the potential emergence and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria [53]. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus had been isolated in 28% of pilgrims with acute sinusitis in 2014 [14] and 63% of pilgrims with communityacquired infections hospitalized during the Hajj in 2015 [58•]. One study addressed the carriage of resistant S. pneumoniae in a multinational cohort of pilgrims and showed that 23% of isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics (resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics) [29].…”

Section: Hajj and Antimicrobial-resistant Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Diseases and Mass Gatherings

Hoang

Gautret

2018

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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In the context of Hajj, one of the largest religious MGs at Mecca, Saudi Arabia, respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of infectious diseases in pilgrims with a prevalence of 50-93%. The most commonly acquired respiratory viruses were human rhinovirus, followed by human coronaviruses and influenza A virus, in decreasing order. Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the predominant bacteria. The prevalence of Hajj-related diarrhea ranged from 1.1 to 23.3% and etiologies included Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli, with evidence of acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In other MGs such as Muslim, Christian, and Hindu religious events, sports events, and large-scale open-air festivals, outbreaks have been reported less frequently. The most common outbreaks at these events involved diseases preventable by vaccination, notably measles and influenza. Gastrointestinal infections caused by a variety of pathogens were also recorded. Because social distancing and contact avoidance are difficult measures to implement in the context of many MGs, individual preventive measures including vaccination, use of face mask, disposable handkerchief and hand hygiene may be recommended. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these measures has been poorly investigated in the context of MGs.

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“…A recent study revealed that around 93% of pilgrims develop respiratory symptoms, of which 78% of tested samples were positive for at least one pathogen [18]. The most commonly found bacterial causes for respiratory infections were Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus, and viral causes were human rhinoviruses [19][20][21]. Since 1978, a law has been passed in Saudi Arabia prohibiting pharmacists from dispensing any drug, including antibiotics, without a prescription issued from a licensed physician, unless excluded by the Ministery of Health as "over-the-counter" medications [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Hajj Deployed Health Care Workers on Antibiotics and Antibiotic Prescriptions for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Results from Two Hajj Seasons

et al. 2020

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health issue. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common illnesses during Hajj, for which antibiotics are often inappropriately prescribed. Hajj healthcare workers’ (HCW) knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) about AMR and antibiotic use for URTIs are not known. We conducted a survey among HCWs during Hajj to explore their KAP regarding antibiotic use for URTIs in pilgrims. Electronic or paper-based surveys were distributed to HCWs during the Hajj in 2016 and 2017. A total of 85 respondents aged 25 to 63 (median 40) years completed the surveys. Most participants were male (78.8%) and were physicians by profession (95.3%). Around 85% and 19% of respondents claimed to have heard about AMR and antimicrobial stewardship programs, respectively, among whom most had obtained their knowledge during their qualification. Implementation of URTI treatment guidelines was very low. In conclusion, HCWs at Hajj have significant knowledge gaps regarding AMR, often do not use standard clinical criteria to diagnose URTIs and display a tendency to prescribe antibiotics for URTIs.

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Acute rhinosinusitis during Hajj season 2014: Prevalence of bacterial infection and patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Aerobic bacteria and fungal isolates in maxillary sinusitis of adults in a resource poor environment

Aerobic bacteria and fungal isolates in maxillary sinusitis of adults in a resource poor environment

Infectious Diseases and Mass Gatherings

Pilot Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Hajj Deployed Health Care Workers on Antibiotics and Antibiotic Prescriptions for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Results from Two Hajj Seasons

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