Acute, Severe Hepatitis of Unknown Origin: Should We Really Be Afraid of Another Obscure Enemy of Our Children?

Caselli, Desireé

doi:10.3390/pediatric14020029

Cited by 12 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…96 On March 31, 2022, five children in Scotland aged 3-5 years were found to be inflicted with severe hepatitis. 97 It was noticed that the symptoms were similar to the cases in Alabama, 97 including jaundice (74.1%), vomiting (72.8%), pale stools (58%), diarrhea (49.4%), nausea (39.5%), lethargy (55.6%), fever (29.6%), and other gastrointestinal symptoms (19.8%). 98 As of June 9, 2022, the WHO, in conjunction with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), had been notified of 402 cases of unknown severe hepatitis in Europe, including Israel.…”

Section: Investigating Severe Acute Hepatitis Of Unknown Etiology In ...mentioning

confidence: 71%

Severe Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology in Indonesia: What Has Been Learned?

Hokinson¹,

Sanjaya²,

Jo³

2022

Explor Res Hypothesis Med

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The world has witnessed increased incidences of severe acute hepatitis in children since early 2021, in which the total number of global cases was over 1,000 in July 2022. Those cases of severe acute hepatitis were intriguing, as they were not caused by the common hepatitis A-E viruses. Additionally, the cause remains unknown to date, thus named as severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology. The World Health Organization, supported by regional and national health agencies, has issued the working case definitions in order to closely monitor the development of this disease worldwide. As one of its member states, Indonesia has also adopted the case definitions and subsequently issued a health decree to increase public awareness and to conduct an early surveillance on this illness. It remains to be seen whether this updated public health policy would be successful to control the numbers of cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in Indonesia.

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Section: Investigating Severe Acute Hepatitis Of Unknown Etiology In ...mentioning

confidence: 71%

Severe Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology in Indonesia: What Has Been Learned?

Hokinson¹,

Sanjaya²,

Jo³

2022

Explor Res Hypothesis Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Lipid profiling, kidney function tests, complete stool analysis, routine urine analysis, and complete blood counts could also be very helpful in the diagnosis of severe acute hepatitis. Immunoglobulins, lymphocyte subsets, creatine kinase, cardiac enzymes, C-reactive protein, autoimmune hepatitis antibodies, anti-nuclear antibody, screening pf poisons, and heavy metals may be tested in accordance with the signs and symptoms [ 20 , 39 ].…”

Section: Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several respiratory viruses, including adenoviruses, persisted at lower levels during the COVID-19 pandemic, including adenoviruses in adults and children. A past or concurrent COVID-19 infection might influence the severity of adenovirus infections [ 20 ]. According to a recent study, 20 children (suspected adenovirus infected) have also tested positive for COVID-19 infection [ 24 ].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 and Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before reaching the clinical conditions for liver transplant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying drugs can be used to treat liver injuries or jaundice, vitamin K and other anticoagulation therapies can be started to control the abnormal blood coagulation functions, a diet with sufficiently high protein, lactulose or probiotics can also be administered to prevent and treat hepatic encephalopathy, controlling the hypovolemia status can be adopted to prevent and treat hepatorenal syndrome, and side treatments for the prevention and treatment of secondary infections can also be started [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suspected Adenovirus Causing an Emerging HEPATITIS among Children below 10 Years: A Review

et al. 2022

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In October 2021, a case of acute hepatic failure without any known cause was identified in the United States of America. Upon further investigation, other children aged 1–6 years were reported to have the same liver failure, and some of them were positive for adenovirus 41 type F. On 21 April 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released an alert after 74 cases were identified in United Kingdom (UK) between 5 and 8 April in children below 10 years of age, some of whom were also found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2. All the patients showed symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, and abdominal pain. The patients’ liver enzymes were remarkably increased. A total of 650 cases had been reported from 33 countries as of 27 May 2022, among which 222 cases were reported in the UK alone. No connection with SARS-CoV-2 or its vaccine has been found so far. However, the suspected cause is adenovirus, including its genomic variations, because its pathogenesis and laboratory investigations have been positively linked. Until further evidence emerges, hygiene precautions could be helpful to prevent its spread.

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“…Among the 55 cases reported in European Union countries, five children (9%) required transplantation [2]. Hence, a small percentage of the affected children require liver transplantation due to the rapid progression to end-stage liver failure [52][53][54]. Only a few deaths have been reported [55].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute severe hepatitis of unknown etiology in children: A mini-review

Frediansyah¹,

Sallam

Yufika

et al. 2022

Narra J

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The emergence of acute, severe non hepA–E hepatitis of unknown etiology (ASHUE) has attracted global concern owing to the very young age of the patients and its unknown etiology. Although this condition has been linked to several possible causes, including viral infection, drugs and/or toxin exposure, the exact cause remains unknown; this makes treatment recommendation very difficult. In this review, we summarize recent updates on the clinical manifestations, complemented with laboratory results, case numbers with the global distribution and other epidemiological characteristics, and the possible etiologies. We also provide the proposed actions that could be undertaken to control and prevent further spread of this hepatitis. Since many etiological and pathological aspects of the acute non hepA–E hepatitis remain unclear, further research is needed to minimize the severe impact of this disease.

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Acute, Severe Hepatitis of Unknown Origin: Should We Really Be Afraid of Another Obscure Enemy of Our Children?

Abstract: On 31 March 2022, Public Health Scotland was alerted to five children aged 3–5 years, presenting to the Glasgow children’s hospital with severe hepatitis of unknown etiology within a 3-week period [...]

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Severe Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology in Indonesia: What Has Been Learned?

Severe Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology in Indonesia: What Has Been Learned?

Suspected Adenovirus Causing an Emerging HEPATITIS among Children below 10 Years: A Review

Acute severe hepatitis of unknown etiology in children: A mini-review

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