Acute severe poisoning with disinfectant in senior aged patient-case report and overview of literature considering age influence on treatment decision in alcohol-based intoxications

Abstract

We present our experiences in the first case of severe suicidal poisoning with 70% ethanol-disinfectant in North Macedonia, in an elderly patient with immunocompromising comorbidities. A 66-year-old unconscious woman was admitted at our clinic, with a history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. She was in a coma, without signs of serotonin syndrome, recurrent episodes of cardio-respiratory insufficiency under supportive treatment without invasive ventilation, metabolic acidosis, increased D-dimer 3254 ng/mL. The toxicology screening confirmed low benzodiazepines levels and alcoholaemia of 526 mg/dL (5.26 g/L), due to ingestion of 70% ethanol. Considering the decreased biotransformation in the elderly, immunocompromising comorbidities, reports of fatal outcome in poisoned elderly patients with disinfectants under standard fluids supportive protocol, haemodialysis was initiated, with registered associated hypercoagulability which resulted in complete stabilization after 48 h of admission. Treatment protocols of poisoning with ethanol-based disinfectant in the elderly should consider timely performing haemodialysis at lower alcoholaemia levels than recommended.

Differences in Methanol Intoxication Patient Outcomes in First Admission and Re-admission: A Case Report

“…The volume of methanol distribution is 0.6-0.7 liters per kg, and it is primarily eliminated through liver metabolism, with only 2-5% excreted through the kidneys (Algahtani et al, 2018). Toxicity arises from the formation of formaldehyde and formic acid through liver alcohol dehydrogenase (Pereska et al, 2021).…”

“…Gastric lavage, as a treatment measure for 'moonshine' alcohol intoxication patients, is most effective in the first few hours post-poisoning (Pereska et al, 2021). The optimal window for administering gastric lavage is within 30-60 minutes after methanol ingestion.…”