Acute stress and food-related reward activation in the brain during food choice during eating in the absence of hunger

Born, J. van den; Lemmens, Sofie G T; Rutters, Femke; Nieuwenhuizen, Arie G.; Formisano, Elia; Goebel, Rainer; Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.221

Cited by 159 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…According to several investigators (see Adam & Epel, 2007, for a review), the hedonic properties of food play a critical role in stress-induced eating. Notably, in an individual under stress, the quantity of food that is eaten largely oversteps homeostatic needs and the hunger drive (Born et al, 2010). Therefore, it has been proposed that food eaten by individuals under stress is not consumed for its nutritive properties, but rather for its hedonic properties, which attenuate the aversive feeling associated with the stress response.…”

Section: Limits Of the Aversive State Reduction Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Is comfort food really comforting? Mechanisms underlying stress-induced eating

Pool

Delplanque

Coppin

et al. 2015

Food Research International

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Overeating behaviors are nowadays a worldwide issue, and cumulative evidence shows that stress induces excessive pursuit of highly palatable food. However, the role of stress in this phenomenon remains poorly understood. The classic interpretation is that excessive eating is an attempt to reduce the aversive feeling associated with the stress response through the hedonic properties of highly palatable food. In this review, we propose an alternative hypothesis based on theoretical models developed in the framework of reward processing. We review recent literature on animal and human studies suggesting that stress reduces hedonic pleasure during highly palatable food consumption and increases the control that the habitual and Pavlovian systems exert on food-seeking behaviors over the control exerted by the goal-directed system. From this literature, we propose that (a) stress amplifies automatic attentional orienting toward stimuli associated with palatable food (i.e., Pavlovian stimuli), rendering them more likely to be perceived; and (b) once perceived, these stimuli trigger stress-amplified motivational bursts and the control that the habitual system exerts on food-seeking behaviors. We hypothesize that stress-induced eating is driven by habits and Pavlovian motivational bursts, independent of hedonic pleasure or even of the goal of reducing the stress-related aversive state. Thus, if a stressed person encounters an environmental stimulus associated with highly palatable food, this may trigger excessive pursuit of highly palatable food, whether or not the food elicits liking during its consumption.

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Section: Limits Of the Aversive State Reduction Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Is comfort food really comforting? Mechanisms underlying stress-induced eating

Pool

Delplanque

Coppin

et al. 2015

Food Research International

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“…Acute stress triggers the suppression of appetite and hunger (Sinha and Jastreboff 2013;Torres and Nowson 2007); perhaps because it would be counter-productive for an organism to engage in food search while at the same time trying to remove an immediate threat (Dagher 2009). In comparison, chronic stress increases appetite and hunger (Born et al 2009). Chronic stress results from experiencing unfavorable conditions over an extended period of time, such as persistent concern about where the next meal will come from and concerns about personal safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Cues of Harsh or Safe Environmental Conditions Alters Food Preferences

Swaffield

Roberts

2015

Evolutionary Psychological Science

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In humans, psychological stress is positively correlated with an increased desire for certain energy-dense food items, indicating that stress may trigger foraging behavior that adapts to perceived current and future resource availability. However, the extent to which such processes influence desire for different kinds of foods remains unclear. Here, we examine the effects of perceived environmental conditions on food preferences across the food spectrum of dairy, meats, vegetables, fruit, grains, and sweets. We first showed images of 30 different food items to participants and recorded their stated desire to eat each kind of food. We then repeated this procedure after exposing participants to cues of either a harsh or a safe environment. As predicted, we found cues of environmental harshness increased the desirability of energydense food items. However, there was also evidence for decreased desirability for energy-dense food items following exposure to cues of a relatively safe environment. Our findings indicate that simple manipulations of perceived environmental conditions may trigger changes in desire for different kinds of food. Our study has relevance for increasing efforts to understand eating behavior in order to promote uptake of healthier diets.

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“…These areas may receive peripheral signals of energy depletion or impose hedonic control to affect how homeostatic centers receive and integrate peripheral signals of energy depletion and nutrient status. Given the importance of cognitive and reward-based eating behaviors in humans (26,47,134), their role in the adaptive response to weight loss will continue to be studied.Neuroendocrine signals: enhancing efficiency of fuel utilization and storage. The energy depletion signal, via the PVN in some cases, results in a number of neuroendocrine adaptations that ultimately target peripheral tissues (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain

MacLean

Bergouignan

Cornier

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

374

326

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Dieting is the most common approach to losing weight for the majority of obese and overweight individuals. Restricting intake leads to weight loss in the short term, but, by itself, dieting has a relatively poor success rate for long-term weight reduction. Most obese people eventually regain the weight they have worked so hard to lose. Weight regain has emerged as one of the most significant obstacles for obesity therapeutics, undoubtedly perpetuating the epidemic of excess weight that now affects more than 60% of U.S. adults. In this review, we summarize the evidence of biology's role in the problem of weight regain. Biology's impact is first placed in context with other pressures known to affect body weight. Then, the biological adaptations to an energy-restricted, low-fat diet that are known to occur in the overweight and obese are reviewed, and an integrative picture of energy homeostasis after long-term weight reduction and during weight regain is presented. Finally, a novel model is proposed to explain the persistence of the "energy depletion" signal during the dynamic metabolic state of weight regain, when traditional adiposity signals no longer reflect stored energy in the periphery. The preponderance of evidence would suggest that the biological response to weight loss involves comprehensive, persistent, and redundant adaptations in energy homeostasis and that these adaptations underlie the high recidivism rate in obesity therapeutics. To be successful in the long term, our strategies for preventing weight regain may need to be just as comprehensive, persistent, and redundant, as the biological adaptations they are attempting to counter. energy restriction; diet-induced obesity; obesity prone; weight loss; energy balance IN THE UNITED STATES, OVER 60% of adults and close to 20% of children are overweight or obese (35,174). A number of effective weight loss strategies are available, but most are only transiently effective over a period of 3 to 6 mo. Less than 20% of individuals that have attempted to lose weight are able to achieve and maintain a 10% reduction over a year (128). Over one-third of lost weight tends to return within the first year, and the majority is gained back within 3 to 5 years (3,246). A number of reasons have been proposed for the high incidence of weight regain (69,246), and several point to the biological response to weight loss.The objective of this review is to examine the role of this biological response in the process of weight regain. Biological regulation is first discussed in relation to other nonbiological pressures that affect body weight as weight is gained, lost, and regained. The specific biological adaptations to the most common form of dieting, an energy-restricted low-fat diet, are then discussed in more detail. Previous reviews provide extensive descriptions of the normal adaptive response to energy restriction. We do not attempt to recapitulate those efforts here. Rather, the unique perspective of this review summarizes those adaptations that have been confirmed o...

show abstract

Acute stress and food-related reward activation in the brain during food choice during eating in the absence of hunger

Cited by 159 publications

References 44 publications

Is comfort food really comforting? Mechanisms underlying stress-induced eating

Is comfort food really comforting? Mechanisms underlying stress-induced eating

Exposure to Cues of Harsh or Safe Environmental Conditions Alters Food Preferences

Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain

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