Acute Stress Disrupts Short- and Long-Term Patterns of Synaptic Plasticity in Dorsal Hippocampus and Subiculum: Implications for Hippocampal Output and Behaviour

Longitudinal structural and functional brain changes associated with stuttering improvement by therapy or brain lesion

“…The amygdala, as previously described, plays a role in emotional regulation and emotional responses (Javanbakht et al, 2015;Neef et al, 2017). The subiculum is a multifunctional structure, responsible among others for learning and memory (Aggleton & Christiansen, 2015), though its functionality seems to be influenced by stress (Howland & Davies, 2014). The middle temporal gyrus is a component of the dorsal attention network (Chang et al, 2017) and meaningful for assessing conceptual information (Saur et al, 2008).…”

“…All the functional purposes of these regions are largely related to characteristics of stuttering: PWS often experience emotions like anxiety and fear due to the loss of motor control during speakingthis emotional arousal might be processed by amygdala activity. They also have to treat negative reactions towards stuttering symptoms from their listeners and peer groups, which produces a high stress level and might impair the function of the subiculum (Howland & Davies, 2014). Furthermore, secondary symptoms of stuttering like avoidance behaviour are highly learned in the patients' conversational historythat might be the reason why the activation of the subiculum might play a 3 Long-term brain activity changes in persons who stutter induced by stuttering therapy 123 meaningful role in the aetiology of stuttering.…”