Acute Stress Persistently Alters Locus Coeruleus Function and Anxiety-like Behavior in Adolescent Rats

Borodovitsyna, Olga; Flamini, Matthew D.; Chandler, Daniel J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.020

Cited by 70 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Moreover, either a diminution of LC-TH immunoreactive cells expression or a blockading of the norepinephrine transporter in the LC area suppresses the DA release, which indicates that LC neurons can release DA and NE [54][55][56][57][58]. In concordance with this study [59], our data also displayed that stress is affecting the neurons in the LC (as in control group) and showed the diminished density of TH+ cells in the LC region; conversely, the SQE 100 group notably increased the TH-IR cells density in the LC. Enhanced TH activity could elucidate the increase observed in dopamine levels within several brain areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Induced Antidepressant-Like Effect in Ovariectomized Rats

Shaif

Cho

Jang

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Background. Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai extract (SQE) or dwarf bamboo has been extensively investigated for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, no previous study assessed its effect as an antidepressant agent. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effect of oral SQE administration in ameliorating menopausal depressive symptoms and to evaluate its mechanisms in ovariectomized rats with repeated stress. Methods. All experimental groups except normal group underwent ovariectomy and then immobilization for 14 consecutive days. During these 2 weeks, two rat groups received SQE (100 and 300 mg/kg orally) and their cutaneous body temperature was measured. The tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) were performed in order to evaluate depression-like behavior. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were carried out to evaluate the central monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels and activity. Results. Oral SQE (100 mg/kg) administration had reduced immobility time in TST and FST. Additionally, the SQE 100 and 300 mg/kg administration had decreased the cutaneous body temperature in the rats compared to those without treatment. In ELISA analysis, the SQE 100 group expressed elevated levels of serotonin and dopamine in the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Antityrosine hydroxylase (anti-TH) antibodies showed a tremendous increase in the density of TH positive cells in the locus coeruleus (LC) region of the SQE 100 group. Likewise, the SQE 100 elevated the number of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and protein kinase C (PKC) immunoreactive cell counts and density in the hypothalamic region. Conclusion. These results suggested that the oral SQE administration induced the antidepressant-like effect in the ovariectomized rats with repeated stress via upregulating the levels of serotonin and dopamine through enhancing the expression of TH, TPH, and PKC in many brain areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Induced Antidepressant-Like Effect in Ovariectomized Rats

Shaif

Cho

Jang

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…However, unexpected uncertainty, and the κ parameter of the HGF in particular 51 , are thought to be signalled via the locus coeruleus and noradrenaline (i.e., neural gain) 25-28 . This mechanism is thought to coordinate rapid shifts in cortical networks through patterns of widespread norepinephrine release, modulating exploratory versus exploitative behaviours (i.e., switching and staying) 52-55 and responding to stress 56-58 , unexpected uncertainty 25 , 27 and subliminal fear cues 59 to coordinate fight-or-flight responses 58 . In fact, visual fear stimuli presented below the threshold of conscious perception activate the locus coeruleus, amygdala, and fronto-temporal orienting regions, suggesting a neural ‘alarm’ system for rapid threat detection 59 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expecting the unexpected: the paranoid style of belief updating across species

Reed

Uddenberg

Mathys

et al. 2020

Preprint

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55Paranoia is the belief that harm is intended by others. It may arise from selective pressures to infer and avoid 56 social threats, particularly in ambiguous or changing circumstances. We propose that uncertainty may be 57 sufficient to elicit learning differences in paranoid individuals, without social threat. We used reversal learning 58 behaviour and computational modelling to estimate belief updating across individuals with and without mental 59 illness, online participants, and rats exposed to chronic methamphetamine, an elicitor of paranoia in humans. 60Paranoia is associated with a strong but immutable prior on volatility, accompanied by elevated sensitivity to 61 perceived changes in the task environment. Methamphetamine exposure in rats recapitulates this impaired 62 uncertainty-driven belief updating and rigid anticipation of a volatile environment. Our work provides evidence 63 of fundamental, domain-general learning differences in paranoid individuals. This paradigm enables further 64 assessment of the interplay between uncertainty and belief-updating across individuals and species. 66 67Paranoia & Belief Updating 3 Paranoia is excessive concern that harm will occur due to deliberate actions of others 1 . It manifests along a 68 continuum of increasing severity 2-5 . Fleeting paranoid thoughts prevail in the general population 6 . A survey of 69 over 7,000 individuals found that nearly 20% believed people were against them at times in the past year; 70 approximately 8% felt people had intentionally acted to harm them 4 . At a national level, paranoia may fuel 71 divisive ideological intolerance. Historian Richard Hofstadter famously described catastrophizing, context 72 insensitive political discourse as the 'paranoid style': 73 "The paranoid spokesman sees the fate of conspiracy in apocalyptic terms-he traffics in the birth 74 and death of whole worlds, whole political orders, whole systems of human values. He is always 75 manning the barricades of civilization. He constantly lives at a turning point." 7 76 77 At its most severe, paranoia manifests as rigid beliefs known as delusions of persecution. These delusions 78 occur frequently in psychotic illness, including nearly 90% of first episode patients 8 . However, paranoid beliefs 79 are common across psychiatric and neurologic disorders, such as anxiety 9 , depression 10 , epilepsy 11 , and 80 Alzheimer's disease 12 . Psychostimulants elicit severe paranoid states. Methamphetamine evoked new 81paranoid ideation in nearly half of 274 respondents, particularly after repeated exposure (86%) or escalating 82 dose (68%) 13 . Of those who became paranoid, the majority engaged in evasive defence strategies (hiding or 83 fleeing), but 37% obtained weapons, and 15% attacked others. There is a clear need to better manage 84 paranoia, and to understand and address its broader societal impact. 86Paranoia has thus far defied explanation in mechanistic terms, either at the levels of behaviour or brain 87 function. Obvious links with fear processing and social ...

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“…Acute stressful stimuli caused an increase in single unit activity in LC neurons and plasma norepinephrine level [46]. Acute stress activates the LC [47] but as the number of stresses increases, ΔFosB accumulates which reduces the activity of LC neurons. We did not find a difference at the level of LC ΔFosB expression likely because we used repeated foot-shock stresses in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of deltaFosB in reward processing regions between binge eating prone and resistant female rats

Amissah

Chometton

Calvez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by bingeing and compulsivity. Even though BED is the most prevalent eating disorder, little is known about its pathophysiology. We aimed to identify brain regions and neuron subtypes implicated in the development of binge-like eating in a female rat model. We separated rats into binge eating prone (BEP) and binge eating resistant (BER) phenotypes based on the amount of sucrose they consumed following foot-shock stress. We quantified deltaFosB (ΔFosB) expression to assess chronic neuronal activation during phenotyping. The number of ΔFosB-expressing neurons was: 1) higher in BEP than BER rats in reward processing areas (medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (Acb), and ventral tegmental area (VTA)); 2) similar in taste processing areas (insular cortex and parabrachial nucleus); 3) higher in the paraventricular nucleus of BEP than BER rats, but not different in the locus coeruleus, which are stress processing structures. To study subtypes of ΔFosB-expressing neurons in the reward system, we performed in situ hybridization for glutamate decarboxylase 65 and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA after ΔFosB immunohistochemistry. In the mPFC and Acb, the proportions of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) and non-GABAergic ΔFosB-expressing neurons were similar in BER and BEP rats. In the VTA, while the proportion of dopaminergic ΔFosB-expressing neurons was similar in both phenotypes, the proportion of GABAergic ΔFosB-expressing neurons was higher in BER than BEP rats. Our results suggest that reward processing brain regions, particularly the VTA, are important for the development of binge-like eating.SignificanceBecause ΔFosB expression is associated with a reduction of activity in neurons, a higher expression of ΔFosB in the mPFC, Acb, and VTA of binge eating prone rats compared to binge eating resistant rats suggests a decrease in neuronal activity in these regions, which is consistent with results observed in neuroimaging studies in binge eating disorder patients. This decrease in activity due to ΔFosB expression may underlie the compulsivity and overconsumption of palatable food observed in both our rat model of binge-like eating and binge eating disorder patients.

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Acute Stress Persistently Alters Locus Coeruleus Function and Anxiety-like Behavior in Adolescent Rats

Cited by 70 publications

References 74 publications

Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Induced Antidepressant-Like Effect in Ovariectomized Rats

Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Induced Antidepressant-Like Effect in Ovariectomized Rats

Expecting the unexpected: the paranoid style of belief updating across species

Differential expression of deltaFosB in reward processing regions between binge eating prone and resistant female rats

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