Acute superficial venous thrombophlebitis associated with pregnancy

Aaro, Leonard A.; Johnson, Thomas R.; Juergens, John L.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(67)90565-0

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Villasanta (1965) and others (Gordon and Dean, 1955;Mahairas and Weingold, 1963) have reported a B. Stephen Jenkins and Mark V. Braimbridge significant incidence of fetal deaths from oral anticoagulants given during pregnancy, but Aaro, Johnson, and Juergens (1967) and others (Bloomfield and Rubinstein, 1969;Finnerty and Mackay, 1962) suggest that the crucial factors are meticulous control of therapy and discontinuation of the drugs sufficiently long before labour to allow prothrombin times in both fetus and mother to return to normal. Of the seven fetal deaths the case of Bennett and Oakley (1968) can be excluded from consideration because the mother had sufficient systemic disease to vitiate the chances of the fetus; in addition, the mother received heparin only during her pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gordon and O'Loughlin (1969) advise withholding further anticoagulants at the onset of labour and stress the importance of restarting anticoagulant therapy immediately after delivery. Bloomfield and Rubinstein (1969) and others (Aaro et al, 1967;Finnerty and Mackay, 1962) suggest that fetal haemorrhage may be avoided by meticulous anticoagulant control during pregnancy, withdrawing treatment two to four weeks before labour. There is no evidence to elucidate whether it is the withdrawal of the drugs before labour or the previous avoidance of hypercoagulability which is the essential factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of anticoagulant therapy during pregnancy in patients with prosthetic heart valves

1971

Thorax

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We describe two patients with Starr-Edwards mitral valve replacements who underwent pregnancy on oral anticoagulants and who were successfully delivered of live babies. The literature on pregnancy with prosthetic heart valves is reviewed. It is suggested that properly controlled oral anticoagulation should be continued until the onset of labour; the anticoagulant effect should then be reversed by an intravenous infusion of fresh-frozen plasma and the patient maintained on intravenous heparin injections six-hourly. Oral anticoagulants should be restarted immediately after delivery and the heparin withdrawn only when their effect has been re-established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of anticoagulant therapy during pregnancy in patients with prosthetic heart valves

1971

Thorax

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“…1,4,7,19,60 It is unclear whether PE associated with SVT arises from extension to deep veins or from thrombus that is only in the superficial venous system. 1 The link between SVT and pregnancy remains unclear, 1,13,39,40,[63][64][65] and the prevalence is very low (0.05%-0.1%) but it may be underestimated as only symptomatic patients are included. 39,40 The SVT presents with local pain, warmth, erythema, swelling, and the superficial vein becomes solid like a cord.…”

Section: Superficial Vein Thrombosis General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The link between SVT and pregnancy remains unclear, 1,13,39,40,63–65 and the prevalence is very low (0.05%-0.1%) but it may be underestimated as only symptomatic patients are included. 39,40…”

Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

Nicolaides¹,

Fareed²,

Kakkar³

et al. 2013

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost

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C. Characterization of the structural requirements for a carbohydrate-based anticoagulant with a reduced risk of inducing the immunological type of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost. 1995;74(4):886-892. 111. Walenga JM, Koza MJ, Lewis BE, Pifarre R. Relative heparininduced thrombocytopenic potential of low molecular weight heparins and new antithrombotic agents. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 1996;2(suppl 1):S21-S27. 112. Warkentin TE, Elavathil LJ, Hayward CP, Johnston MA, Russett JI, Kelton JG. The pathogenesis of venous limb gangrene associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127(9):804-812. 113. Srinivasan AF, Rice L, Bartholomew JR, et al. Warfarininduced skin necrosis and venous limb gangrene in the setting of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164(1):66-70. 114. Hursting MJ, Lewis BE, MacFarlane DE. Transitioning from argatroban to warfarin therapy in patients with heparininduced thrombocytopenia. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2005; 11(3):279-287. 115. Bartholomew JR, Hursting MJ. Transitioning from argatroban to warfarin in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: an analysis of outcomes in patients with elevated international normalized ratio (INR).

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“…The incidence of venous disease is said to be increased in pregnancy. This is certainly the case for thromboembolic disease which occurs in approximately 0.5%‐0.7% of pregnancies 1–3 and was the commonest cause of maternal mortality in the latest Confidential Enquiry in the United Kingdom 4 . The quoted incidence of varicose vein disease in pregnancy is between 11% and 20% 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serial colour flow duplex scanning of the veins of the lower limb throughout pregnancy

Sparey

Sissons

Haddad

et al. 1999

BJOG

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Objective MethodsTo examine changes in diameter and reflux in normal veins of the lower limb throughout pregnancy.Fifty-seven women were recruited into the study and 43 completed the full assessment to six weeks postpartum. Thirteen had pre-existing venous disease and are reported elsewhere. The veins were assessed in both lower limbs using colour flow duplex scanning. This was performed at a 75" tilt measuring vein diameter and the presence or absence of reflux. Measurements were made at 12, 20, 26,34,38 weeks of gestation and 6 weeks postpartum. ResultsNo new reflux developed in any of the veins studied. In the superficial system the maximum change was seen in the long saphenous vein at 34 weeks, on the left side the vein diameter failed to return to baseline size. Significant change also occurred in the superficial femoral vein. Dilatation of the deep veins of the calf was observed being greater in the left posterior tibia1 and the left peroneal at the mid-calf point. ConclusionColour flow duplex scanning is an acceptable method of assessing the lower limb veins in pregnancy. Maximum diameter changes were seen in the long saphenous vein and in the deep veins at mid-calf. No new reflux developed during the gestation period in veins which were previously normal.

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Acute superficial venous thrombophlebitis associated with pregnancy

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Management of anticoagulant therapy during pregnancy in patients with prosthetic heart valves

Management of anticoagulant therapy during pregnancy in patients with prosthetic heart valves

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

Serial colour flow duplex scanning of the veins of the lower limb throughout pregnancy

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