Acute tolerance to ethanol in the rat

LeBlanc, A. E.; Kalant, H.; Gibbins, R. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00421304

Cited by 169 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Impairment, measured as time off of the belt was regressed against brain ethanol concentrations immediately after the test. The regression line of impairment as a function of brain ethanol concentration showed a progressive rightward shift (toward higher effective brain concentrations) with increasing time after alcohol administration (LeBlanc et al, 1975). Others have extended these findings by demonstrating that practice during intoxication enhances the development of acute tolerance in this procedure (Lê and Kalant, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Acute tolerance to rate-decreasing effects of single doses of ethanol

Ginsburg

Martínez

Friesenhahn

et al. 2008

Physiology & Behavior

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Acute tolerance occurs when behavioral impairment is greater at a given blood ethanol concentration (BAC) on the ascending versus descending limb of the BAC-time curve following administration of a single dose of ethanol, however studies utilizing learned behaviors have not been widely reported. We assessed acute tolerance to single doses of ethanol in five Lewis rats responding under a fixed-ratio (FR8) schedule of food presentation. Response rates for food during 1-min components (ending 2, 4, 11, 18, 33, and 57 min after ethanol administration) were determined, and BAC was measured immediately after each component using a rat breathalyzer. Ethanol (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.2 g/kg, i.p.) produced dose-related decreases in responding for food that tended to recover over time for all but the highest dose tested. Similarly, dose-related increases in BAC were also observed. Using either an analysis that expressed impairment per unit BAC on the ascending limb versus the descending limb (by assessing the area under the curve (AUC) for behavior and BAC on each limb), the slope of the function that relates the behavioral effect to BAC (each expressed as percent maximum effect), or a variant of the Mellanby method (hysteresis), acute tolerance was observed following a dose of 0.4 g/kg ethanol. Though behavior appered to recover on the descending limb following higher doses (especially 0.6 and 0.8 g/kg), acute tolerance to these doses was not present.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…LeBlanc et al, (1975) trained rats to stay on a moving belt. Subjects that stepped off of the belt received a mild electric shock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute tolerance to rate-decreasing effects of single doses of ethanol

Ginsburg

Martínez

Friesenhahn

et al. 2008

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Numerous experiments with animals and humans during the last century have compared the effect of alcohol on motor performance during rising and declining limbs of the blood alcohol curve. These experiments have shown that the impairing effect of a given blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is greater on the rising than on the declining limb of the curve (eg LeBlanc et al, 1975;Mellanby, 1919;Vogel-Sprott and Fillmore, 1993). This reduction in impairment observed during declining BACs suggests some process of adaptation or habituation may occur during physiological exposure to a dose of alcohol (Kalant et al, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Profile of Acute Alcohol Intoxication during Ascending and Descending Blood Alcohol Concentrations

Schweizer

Vogel‐Sprott

Danckert

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

115

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Numerous studies have investigated the effects of alcohol on motor processes during rising and declining blood alcohol concentrations (BAC), however, relatively little research has examined the alcohol-induced impairment of cognitive performance on the two limbs of the BAC curve. This experiment administered a neuropsychological test battery to assess the degree to which rising and declining BACs during an acute dose of alcohol impair nine cognitive processes within an individual. In all, 20 healthy male social drinkers (university students) were assigned to one of two groups (n ¼ 10) who received a beverage containing either 0.0 g/kg (placebo) or 0.65 g/kg alcohol and performed the test battery when BAC was increasing and was decreasing. Comparisons of alcohol and placebo groups revealed impairment (slower response and/or increased errors) in seven of the cognitive processes: long-term verbal memory; information processing; declarative memory; inhibitory control; short-term visual memory; long-term visual memory, and visual-spatial working memory. However, some processes were impaired only during rising BACs whereas the impairment of others during declining BACs was evident only by an increase in errors. These results show cognitive tasks performed by an individual are not similarly affected by rising and declining BACs, and call attention to the importance of assessing both speed and accuracy on both limbs of the BAC curve. The particular cognitive processes differentially affected by rising vs declining BACs raised the possibility that acute alcohol intoxication may impair one cerebral hemisphere to a greater degree than the other, and this could be explored by neuroimaging techniques.

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“…However, even a single use of the drug gives rise to "opponent processes" (Koob, 2009) that are opposite in direction to the effect of the drug and thus produce a progressive decrease in drug effect, recognized as acute tolerance. After elimination of the drug the opponent processes are manifested as an acute withdrawal effect (LeBlanc, Kalant, & Gibbins, 1975;McQuarrie & Fingl, 1958). Repeated heavy use of the drug leads to longer-…”

Section: Changing Concepts Of Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?

Kalant

2015

IJADR

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The initial goal of neurobiological research on addiction was to identify the neural mechanisms involved in the mediation and expression of addictive behavior. More recently, however, it has attributed causal roles to these mechanisms, as illustrated by the definition of addiction as a brain disease caused by chronic exposure to a drug. This concept carries a number of implications that can be assessed experimentally and clinically. None of these implications is borne out by the currently available evidence. The interactions of neuronal systems involved in addiction are also involved in adaptation to experience and environmental change. Much of the neurobiological research to date has not differentiated between causes of addiction, neuronal mechanisms that are activated by them, and risk factors that contribute to individual vulnerability. It has largely ignored the important experiential and environmental influences known to affect the prevalence of addiction in different populations or different times, and it has so far directed much less attention to other forms of addiction-like behavior that do not involve drugs. These failures are not inherent in neurobiological research but require reorientation of objectives, including more emphasis on the study of mechanisms by which environment and experience, including drug experience, can determine whether genetic risk factors are expressed or remain dormant and can direct neuroadaptive mechanisms toward alternative outcomes.

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Acute tolerance to ethanol in the rat

Cited by 169 publications

References 11 publications

Acute tolerance to rate-decreasing effects of single doses of ethanol

Acute tolerance to rate-decreasing effects of single doses of ethanol

Neuropsychological Profile of Acute Alcohol Intoxication during Ascending and Descending Blood Alcohol Concentrations

Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?

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