Acute Toxicity and Haematology of &lt;i&gt;Clarias gariepinus&lt;/i&gt; Exposed to Selenium

Background: Many toxicity studies have shown that heamatological and histological alterations are widely used as good bioindicators in determining the effect of toxicants on fish. This study investigated the acute toxicity effects of the leaf extract of Thevetia peruviana on full blood count parameters and some organs of Clarias gariepinus juveniles”. Methods: One hundred and twenty C. gariepinus mixed sex juveniles were exposed to acute con-centrations (0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00g/L ) of leave extract of T. peruviana in twelve 20 L capacity rectangular glass tanks with six treatments and bi-replicated. Blood for full blood count was collected through cardiac puncture while gills and liver were excised and analyzed for histo-pathological alterations. Results: PCV, RBC, Hb, Neu, and Lym of C. gariepinus juveniles inversely decreased while WBC directly increased with acute concentrations of T. peruviana leaves extract. The microscopic examination of the gills revealed concentration-dependent histo-architectural alterations expressed as epical clubbing, haemorrhage, desquamation, atrophy, and complete erosion of secondary lamel-lae. The liver showed moderate to severe concentration-dependent histopathological lesions typi-fied by hypertrophy, atrophy, necrosis, kupffer cell proliferation, and hepatocellular degenerations. Conclusion: Given the alterations in the blood, gills and liver noted in this study, the invasive growth of the T. peruviana plant should be controlled to minimize unwanted fish kill.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Acute Toxicity Effect of Crude Leaves Extract of Thevetia peruviana on Full Blood Count and some Organs of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles

Wakawa,

Echeipu,

Audu

2023

“…Any alteration in water quality may affect lives of the inhabitants [21] and any addition of toxicant may cause fluctuations in the water quality variables [22]. In the present study the significant decrease in DO in water loaded with high concentrations of T. leontopetaliodes is suggestive of degrading effects of the plant extract on the oxygen molecules [23] since the DO minimum requirement of C. gariepinus is 3-4 mg/L [24]. The increase in CO 2 could be due to the higher rate of oxidation of organic materials than the rate of oxygen replenishment [25] leading to respiratory asphyxiation [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Acute Toxicity of Tuber Peels of Tacca leontopetaliodes on the Biochemistry and Histology of Gills and Liver of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles

Audu

Omirinde

Wakawa³

et al. 2020

Background: Increased rate of water pollution has detrimental effects on the health of fish and other aquatic organisms. This invariably affects humans by causing food insecurity, hunger and poverty. In an effort to curb this menace, this study investigated the effects of crude tuber peel extract of Tacca leontopetaliodes on the biochemical and histological parameters of Clarias gariepinus. Methods: Acute toxicity (96 hr . LC50) test was conducted after a range finding test from which definitive test concentrations of 5.00, 4.00, 3.00, 2.00, and 1.00 g/L were obtained with 0.00 g/L as control. One hundred and twenty (120) mixed sex C. gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight, 12.5 g ± 0.5; length, 13.2 cm ± 0.5) were administered definitive concentrations of crude tuber peel extract in duplicate replication. Water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity), tissue enzymes (Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and histopathological assessments were analysed using standard procedures. Results: Physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and alkalinity) of test tanks containing graded concentrations of T. leontopetaliodes were significantly altered (p<0.05) compared to the control tank. Similarly, the profile of hepatic enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT) displayed marked progressive dose-dependent increase levels relative to the control. Histopathological examination revealed graded deterioration of gills and liver architecture with increase in the strength of the extract T. leontopetaliodes Conclusion: The crude tuber peel extract of T. leontopetaliodes is toxic to fish, thus, washing, processing and discard of T. leontopetaliodes in and around riparian systems should be discouraged.

“…The study of water quality parameters in aquatic toxicology is necessary owing to its role in the survival of aquatic organisms [21] since the entire life process of fish is wholly dependent on its environment [22]. The non- significant alterations (increase/decrease) in the levels of DO, temperature, pH, free CO2, TH, TAm, and nitrite in the water laden with concentrated grades of B. aegyptiaca could be due to degrading effect of the leaves extract on the oxygen molecules [23]. This result is similar to the findings of Kasi et al, [24] and Audu et al, [25].…”

Section: Histopathology Of Liver Of O Niloticus Fingerlingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological Alterations In Organs of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings Exposed To Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Aqueous Crude Leaves Extract of Desert Date

Audu

Wakawa²,

Omirinde

et al. 2020

Background: Histopathological changes have been widely used as biomarkers in determining the effects of pollutants on fish. Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca, a deep-rooted, evergreen or semi-deciduous, multi-branched, spiny tree have been reported to have pesticidal, anaesthetic and ichthyotoxic effects. This study sought to find out the effect of sub-lethal concentrations (5.00, 11.00, 21.00, 43.00, and 86.00 mg/L) of B. aegyptiaca on histopathology of gills, kidney, and liver of mixed-sex Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings Methods: A total of 120 O. niloticus fingerlings (mean weight 23±0.03 g and mean total length 12.50±0.39 cm) were exposed to aqueous crude leaves extract of B. aegyptiaca. The gills, kidney, and liver were excised and processed routinely for the elucidation of histopathological changes Results: Dose-dependent histopathological changes were observed in the three organs (gills, kidney and liver) of O. niloticus exposed to graded concentrations of B. aegyptiaca. Gills showed moderate to severe secondary lamellae fusion, desquamation, and primary lamellae congestion while the kidney displayed mild to severe renal tubular epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis as well as pigmentation of renal tissues. The liver showed varying degrees of histo-architectural alterations such as hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, cellular infiltrations, kupffer cell proliferation, portal, and sinusoidal congestions Conclusion: Owing to these histological alterations in the gills, kidney, and liver observed in this study, prolonged exposure of fish to B. aegyptiaca should be discouraged to preserve fish diversity