Acute Toxicity Assessment on Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations of Bleaching Powder-Exposed Fresh Water Fish <i>Labeo rohita</i>

Aswale, Manisha; Ghongade, Rohini; Arora, Manjit Singh; Sinha, Shivani

doi:10.36478/jfish.2019.23.31

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Quality of water can be identified by the fish living in it, whereas fish health condition gives a good indication about the health situation of the aquatic ecosystem. Early toxic effects of chemicals or pollutants are visible on the level of cells or tissues, even before the appearance of specified or significant changes in fish external appearance or behavior (Aswale et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Impact of Exposure to Calcium Hypochlorite and Granular Activated Carbon on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus): A Study of the Alterations in Hemato-Biochemical Profile and Oxidative Indices

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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This study aimed to evaluate the hemato-biochemical parameters, oxidative stress indices and histopathological alterations in different organs after exposure of fish to calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) as well as granular activated carbon (GAC) (unrinsed) as dechlorinator. A total of 96 Clarias gariepinus was divided equally into four groups in triplicates: Group 1 was kept as a control, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed (daily) to Ca(OCl)2 at a concentration of 0.045mg/L water, GAC at a concentration of 50mg/L water and Ca(OCl)2 plus GAC at a same concentration of previous groups, respectively. The exposures were conducted for 96h after that blood and tissue samples were collected for performing experimental tests. The results revealed that significant increase in erythrogram and leukogram parameters, besides increase activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and concentrations of bilirubin fractions, total proteins, globulins, sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus and ammonia in all experimental groups. Fourth group showed insignificant increase in red blood cells and monocytes counts. Hyperalbuminemia was observed in Ca(OCl)2 group alone. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity and creatinine concentration were significantly decreased in all experimental groups. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels showed significant increase, besides superoxide dismutases activity was decreased significantly in all experimental groups in the liver, kidneys and gills tissues. In conclusion, chlorine caused hematological disturbances, hepato-renal impairment with oxidative stress. Despite the importance of GAC as dechlorinator, it caused several adverse results under the condition of this experiment, and this sheds light into the importance of safely use of GAC on aquatic organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Impact of Exposure to Calcium Hypochlorite and Granular Activated Carbon on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus): A Study of the Alterations in Hemato-Biochemical Profile and Oxidative Indices

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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“…This decrease could be as a result of the chemical reaction between calcium hypochlorite and the experimental water as the disinfectant is highly soluble in water (Hushangi, 2018;Ayoola, 2008). The decrease at the end of the experiment is as a result of the respiratory stress induced by the immediate and prolonged exposure of the fish to the disinfectant especially in high concentrations (Aswale et al, 2019). Various abnormal behaviour patterns were displayed by fish which indicated that the cause of death might be due to insufficient supply of oxygen (Subburaj et al, 2018).…”

Section: Water Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the end of experiment (Temperature 3), it was observed that treatments C -E had lower values when compared with values during the experiment (Temperature 2). This is so because in these treatments, most of the fish had died before the 24 hour mark and therefore the temperature of the water had stabilized (Aswale et al, 2019). The values recorded for the temperature before the experiment (temperature 1) was the room temperature of the experimental facility.…”

Section: Water Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium Hypochlorite Ca(ClO) 2 is basically an inorganic compound mostly used for water treatment against aquatic pathogens that could be harmful to fish. The adverse effect of this disinfectant is widely studied in fish, mammals and human (Aswale, 2019). Fish is ubiquitous to aquatic systems and can serve as a good bio-accumulator, therefore a good candidate for pollution studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute toxicity of calcium hypochlorite (65% chlorine disinfectant) on the liver, brain, and gill of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (Burchell, 1822)

Kolawole

Iyiola

2020

PNgAS

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The acute toxicity of Calcium Hypochlorite was investigated on the water quality and histopathology of liver, brain and gill of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Fish with average weight and length of 5.5 ± 0.8g and 7.8 ± 0.5cm were stocked at 10 fish per tank and fed with 45% crude protein diets. The experimental fish was exposed to a photoperiod of 12 hours daylight and 12 hours darkness. After the range finding test, the fingerlings were exposed to test concentrations of treatments 0.000 mg/L (A), 0.011 mg/L (B), 0.033 mg/L (C), 0.055 mg/L (D) and 0.077 mg/L (E) and was replicated trice. The Lethal Concentration value (LC50) for the disinfectant was 0.033mg/L. Behavioural changes such as erratic swimming, frequent jumping and gasping for air at the surface was observed in the exposed fish. Histopathology of the brain showed different stages of spongiosis and necrosis; gills showed thickening of the lamellae and necrosis while the liver showed varying congestion in the exposed fish. The observed changes in behaviour and histopathology were normal in the control fish and increased with increase in concentration of disinfectant to the exposed fish. It is therefore essentia

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Outdoor disinfectant sprays for the prevention of COVID-19: Are they safe for the environment?

Sivakumar

2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Due to the wide range of viability on inanimate surfaces and fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2, hydrogen peroxide (0.5%, HP) and hypochlorite-based (0.1%, HC) disinfectants (common biocides) are proposed by World Health Organization to mitigate the spread of this virus in healthcare settings. They can be adopted and applied to outdoor environments. However, many studies have shown that these two disinfectants are toxic to fishes and aquatic non-target organisms (primary producers and macroinvertebrates). The global market of these disinfectants will increase in coming years due to COVID-19. Therefore, it is urgent to highlight the toxicities of these disinfectants. The main findings of this article allow the community to develop a new strategy to protect the environment against the hazardous effects of disinfectants. Therefore, we use the “toxicity calculated ratio (TC ratio)” that refers to the fold increase or decrease in the toxicities reported in the literature (NOEC, LOEC, LC50 and EC50) relative to the WHO-recommended dose of HP and HC. The calculated TC ratios are valuable for policy makers to formulate the regulations to prevent disinfectant exposure in the environment. Our results were collected via PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) guidelines and showed that the TC ratios are from the single digits to several thousand-fold lower than the HP and HC recommended dose, which means these disinfectants are potentially dangerous to non-target organisms. The results also showed that HP and HC are toxic to the growth and reproduction of non-target organisms. Therefore, we recommend policymakers formulate protocols for critical assessment and monitoring of the environment—especially on non-target organisms in water bodies located in and around disinfectant-exposed areas to safeguard the environment in the future.

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Acute Toxicity Assessment on Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations of Bleaching Powder-Exposed Fresh Water Fish Labeo rohita

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Toxic Impact of Exposure to Calcium Hypochlorite and Granular Activated Carbon on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus): A Study of the Alterations in Hemato-Biochemical Profile and Oxidative Indices

Toxic Impact of Exposure to Calcium Hypochlorite and Granular Activated Carbon on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus): A Study of the Alterations in Hemato-Biochemical Profile and Oxidative Indices

Acute toxicity of calcium hypochlorite (65% chlorine disinfectant) on the liver, brain, and gill of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (Burchell, 1822)

Outdoor disinfectant sprays for the prevention of COVID-19: Are they safe for the environment?

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