Acute toxicity formation potential of benzophenone-type UV filters in chlorination disinfection process

Liu, Qi; Chen, Zhenbin; Wei, Dongbin; Du, Yuguo

doi:10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60411-8

Cited by 43 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…were investigated because DHICA-melanin has a more intense absorption in the UV region and a lower visible absorption with respect to the other two types (synthetic DHI-melanin and natural Sepia Melanin) [17], [26]. A commercial UV-absorber, 2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)benzophenone, also called BP12 [27] (commercial name BLS®531 from Mayzo), was also considered (Fig. S1-b), for the sake of comparison.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Packaging in the Sustainability Challenge: Eumelanin as a UV-Absorption Enhancer of Polymers

Mauro

Pellerin

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Nanotechnology

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The black-brown biopigment eumelanin screens the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the human skin. In industry, the absorption in the UV range of plastics is improved by the inclusion of additives. Our work reports an evaluation of the biopigment eumelanin as a nature-inspired additive for polymers to improve their UV-absorption. Eumelanin being non-toxic and produced by natural sources, it represents an interesting candidate for sustainable plastic additives. In our work, we fabricated eumelanin-including films of commercial linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), a plastic ubiquitous in packaging applications. The films were obtained by meltcompounding and compression molding. The Melanin Free Acid treatment (MFA) was used to enhance the biopigment dispersion in the films. We observed that amounts of eumelanin as low as 0.8% wt. bring about an increase of the UV absorption, up to one order of magnitude in the UVA range. We also assessed the effect of eumelanin on the film stability under prolonged UV irradiation: the biopigment proved to work both as UV-absorption enhancer but also as a photo-prooxidant, as inferred by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Packaging in the Sustainability Challenge: Eumelanin as a UV-Absorption Enhancer of Polymers

Mauro

Pellerin

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Nanotechnology

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“…However, the free available chlorine does not only kill the harmful pathogens, but may also react with some chemical pollutants that enter or already exist in the water and may possibly create poisonous and harmful by-products (Liu et al, 2014). were not present or due to the high LOD of the IL-SDME -LC-UV method (200 -5000 ng/L).…”

Section: Swimming Pool Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in analytical methods and occurrence of organic UV-filters in the environment — A review

Ramos

Homem

Alves

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

268

110

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UV-filters are a group of compounds designed mainly to protect skin against UVA and UVB radiation, but they are also included in plastics, furniture, etc., to protect products from light damage. Their massive use in sunscreens for skin protection has been increasing due to the awareness of the chronic and acute effects of UV radiation. Some organic UV-filters have raised significant concerns in the past few years for their continuous usage, persistent input and potential threat to ecological environment and human health. UV-filters end up is wastewater and because wastewater treatment plants are not efficient in removing them, lipophilic compounds tend to sorb onto sludge and hydrophilics end up in river water, contaminating the existing biota. To better understand the risk associated with UV-filters in the environment a thorough review regarding their physicochemical properties, toxicity and environmental degradation, analytical methods and their occurrence was conducted.Higher UV-filter concentrations were found in rivers, reaching 0.3 mg/L for the most studied family, the benzophenone derivatives. Concentrations in the ng to µg/L range were also detected for the paminobenzoic acid, cinnamate, crylene and benzoyl methane derivatives in lake and sea water.Although at lower levels (few ng/L), UV-filters were also found in tap and groundwater. Swimming pool water is also a sink for UV-filters and its chlorine by-products, at the µg/L range, highlighting the benzophenone and benzimidazole derivatives. Soils and sediments are not frequently studied, but concentrations in the µg/L range have already been found especially for the benzophenone and crylene derivatives. Aquatic biota is frequently studied and UV-filters are found in the ng/g-dw range with higher values for fish and mussels. It has been concluded that more information regarding UVfilter degradation studies both in water and sediments is necessary and environmental occurrences should be monitored more frequently and deeply. SEHSDT -sequential extraction with high-speed dispersion tool; SLE -solid-liquid extraction; SPEsolid-phase extraction; SPF -sun protection factor; SPLE -selective pressurized liquid extraction;SPMDs -semipermeable membrane devices; SPME -solid phase microextraction; TD -thermal desorption; TCE -tetrachloroethylene; THF -tetrahydrofuran; Tl -toluene; UPLC -ultraperformance liquid chromatography; USE -ultrasound extraction; UV -ultraviolet; WTP -water treatment plant; WWTP -wastewater treatment plant 4

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“…Widespread human exposure to benzophenone occurs mainly through the skin and is excreted mostly via urine [34]. Benzophenone type UV filters showed both estrogenic, anti-androgenic, and potential genotoxic effects in various organisms [35]. Meanwhile, ricinine was detected in three lipsticks.…”

Section: Suspect and Non-target Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Concentration of Chemical Additives in Consumer Products in Korea

Sardar

Choi

Naree

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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As the variety of chemicals used in consumer products (CPs) has increased, concerns about human health risk have grown accordingly. Even though restrictive guidelines and regulations have taken place to minimize the risks, human exposure to these chemicals and their eco-compatibility has remained a matter of greater scientific concern over the years. A major challenge in understanding the reality of the exposure is the lack of available information on the increasing number of ingredients and additives in the products. Even when ingredients of CPs formulations are identified on the product containers, the concentrations of the chemicals are rarely known to consumers. In the present study, an integrated target/suspect/non-target screening procedure using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with stepwise identification workflow was used for the identification of known, suspect, and unknown chemicals in CPs including cosmetics, personal care products, and washing agents. The target screening was applied to identify and quantify isothiazolinones and phthalates. Among analyzed CPs, isothiazolinones and phthalates were found in 47% and in 24% of the samples, respectively. The highest concentrations were 518 mg/kg for benzisothiazolone, 7.1 mg/kg for methylisothiazolinone, 2.0 mg/kg for diethyl phthalate, and 21 mg/kg for dimethyl phthalate. Suspect and non-target analyses yielded six tentatively identified chemicals across the products including benzophenone, ricinine, iodocarb (IPBC), galaxolidone, triethanolamine, and 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4, 6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) phenol. Our results revealed that selected CPs consistently contain chemicals from multiple classes. Excessive use of these chemicals in daily life can increase the risk for human health and the environment.

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Acute toxicity formation potential of benzophenone-type UV filters in chlorination disinfection process

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Smart Packaging in the Sustainability Challenge: Eumelanin as a UV-Absorption Enhancer of Polymers

Smart Packaging in the Sustainability Challenge: Eumelanin as a UV-Absorption Enhancer of Polymers

Advances in analytical methods and occurrence of organic UV-filters in the environment — A review

Occurrence and Concentration of Chemical Additives in Consumer Products in Korea

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