Acute toxicity I: effect of profenofos and triazophos (organophosphates) and carbofuran and carbaryl (carbamates) toLabeo rohita

Abstract

2014) Acute toxicity I: effect of profenofos and triazophos (organophosphates) and carbofuran and carbaryl (carbamates) to Labeo rohita, Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 96:3,[466][467][468][469][470][471][472][473] Profenofos and trizaophos (organophosphates) carbofuran and carbaryl (carbamates) are among the major toxicants polluting freshwater bodies, as well as exerting a significant effect on the health of fish. In this study, the 96 h LC 50 of the most commonly used organophosphates and carbamates was determined in one of the indigenous fish species, Labeo rohita fingerlings. Pesticides were applied to fingerlings that had been grown under optimized standard conditions under a maintained static bioassay system. Probit analysis was used for the determination of LC 50 values, which were ascertained as 6.64, 0.32, 1.4, and 8.24 mg/L for triazophos, profenofos, carbofuran, and carbaryl, respectively. Acute toxic stress was noted with fish exhibiting behavioral toxicity including suffocation, lying on the bottom, erratic swimming, lethargy and downward movements, and gulping prior to mortality.

Minute-Speed Biodegradation of Organophosphorus Insecticides by Cupriavidus nantongensis X1T

“…According to the data from JMPR database, the major metabolite of triazophos, 3-hydroxy-1phenyl-1,2,4-triazole, was of low acute oral toxicity in rats (LD 50 > 5000 mg/kg, bw) which was lower than triazophos (LD 50 = 26−82 mg/kg, bw), and the weight of the evidence from studies of genotoxicity suggested that this metabolite is of no genotoxic concern. 26 The LD 50 of methyl parathion in rats was 4−62 mg/kg, while the LD 50 of its main metabolite pnitrophenol was 616 mg/kg. The metabolites of 2-hydroxyimino-2-phenylacetonitrile, isopropyl salicylate, p-nitrophenol, and 3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole were also harmful in the environment.…”

“…The OP metabolites have a lower mammalian toxicity than their parent compounds. According to the data from JMPR database, the major metabolite of triazophos, 3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole, was of low acute oral toxicity in rats (LD 50 > 5000 mg/kg, bw) which was lower than triazophos (LD 50 = 26–82 mg/kg, bw), and the weight of the evidence from studies of genotoxicity suggested that this metabolite is of no genotoxic concern . The LD 50 of methyl parathion in rats was 4–62 mg/kg, while the LD 50 of its main metabolite p -nitrophenol was 616 mg/kg.…”

Induced-Toxicity of Pesticides on Edible Freshwater Fishes in Pakistan: A Review

“…Interruption in behavior of fish by pesticides makes the fish stressed and immunocompromised, making them susceptible to different kinds of pathogens and infections (Nwani et al, 2013). In freshwater fish Labeo rohita commonly known as Rohu , imidacloprid induced morphological and behavioral changes such as avoidance mechanisms, abrupt and sluggish swimming movement in all directions, occasional jumping and hitting on the walls of tank, rapid scale loss, mucous secretion, change in body color (Qadir and Iqbal, 2016), while organophosphates (profenofos, trizaophos) and carbamates (carbofuran, carbaryl) caused suffocation, lethargy, descending movement, irregular swimming, gulping before death (Mustafa et al, 2014) in the same fish. Also, fipronil resulted in shakings, twitching, dizziness, increased operculum movement, body curving, breathing troubles in Cyprinus carpio (common carp) (Ghaffar et al, 2018).…”

“…exhibited by fish, suffocation, lethargy, fish rest at the bottom, irregular swimming, movement towards bottom, gulping before mortality (Mustafa et al, 2014). …”