Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to different ages of Pacific cod (<i>Gadus macrocephalus</i>) larvae

Wang, Wei; Wang, Hua; Yu, Chunyan; Jiang, Zhiqiang

doi:10.1080/09542299.2015.1113389

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It also observed increased toxicity of nitrite for larger Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus , and the LC 50 is 10 times higher for small tilapia (4 g) than for larger individuals (90 g), as shown by the reduction in the LC 50–96 h from 81 to 8 mg NO 2 − ‐N L −1 (Atwood et al, 2001). In the same way, the nitrite toxicity also increased with age in larvae of the Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus (Wang et al, 2015). Both results, coupled to the present experiment, suggest that smaller fish are more tolerant to nitrite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of nitrite on oxidative stress in early juvenile Brazilian flounder, Paralichthys orbignyanus

Miranda

Maltez

Campello

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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This study evaluated the acute toxicity and sublethal effects of nitrite on oxidative stress parameters in early juvenile Brazilian flounder, Paralichthys orbignyanus. Fish were exposed to six concentrations of nitrite: 20, 40, 80, 170, 330 and 550 mg NO2−N‐L−1, plus a control with no added nitrite, all in triplicate for 96 h. Every 24 h, the tanks were monitored to check possible mortality to estimate the LC50. At the end of the experiment, fish were sampled for stress oxidative analysis. All fish exposed to 550 mg NO2−N‐L−1 died within the first 24 h. The LC50 ranged from 427.8 to 393.1 mg NO2−N‐L−1 for 24 and 96 h respectively. The total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) showed a gradual reduction in fish exposed to nitrite levels from 170 mg NO2−N‐L−1. The glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity was higher in 80, 170 and 330 mg NO2−N‐L−1. The non‐proteic (NPSH) and proteic (PSH) thiols levels were higher in 170 and 330 mg NO2−N‐L−1 compared with the control, 20 and 40 mg NO2−N‐L−1. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), as indicated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, was significantly higher in fish exposed to 330 mg NO2−N‐L−1 than the control and 20 mg NO2−N‐L−1. Moreover, a pro‐oxidant condition was induced when P. orbignyanus were exposed to concentrations from 80 mg NO2−N‐L−1, which was evidenced by alterations in the antioxidant system and increased levels of LPO. Therefore, it is recommended that the nitrite concentration do not exceed 40 mg NO2−N‐L−1 in order to avoid oxidative stress for early juvenile Brazilian flounder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of nitrite on oxidative stress in early juvenile Brazilian flounder, Paralichthys orbignyanus

Miranda

Maltez

Campello

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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“…The same change in sensitivity to ammonia with increasing age was also observed between 24 and 48 h of exposure. Decreasing ammonia tolerance with increasing larval age has been observed for the near-related species Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) (Wang et al 2015) but contrasts the findings for red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae where tolerance increased with larval age (Holt and Arnold 1983). Most TAN studies in fish have been carried out on older juveniles or adults, which display large differences to larval fish regarding metabolism and sites of respiration and excretion (Zimmer et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the presence of water saturated with oxygen to form nitrite and nitrate, respectively. These ions are far less toxic than ammonia (Brownell 1980;Wang et al 2015), although build-ups of nitrate also may be harmful (Pierce et al 1993). With a well-working biofilter, water renewal may therefore be reduced to only a small fraction of the total water turnover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae to acute ammonia exposure

Meeren

Mangor‐Jensen

2020

Aquacult Int

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Tolerance for acute ammonia exposure, defined to exist between NOEC (no observed effect concentration) and LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration), was validated in seven exposure experiments with Atlantic cod larvae from 15 to 63 days post-hatch, corresponding to larval sizes of 0.2 to 4.9 mg dry weight, respectively. LOEC was found in the range of 0.019-0.082 mg L −1 NH 3 -N, with corresponding NOECs of 0.013-0.045 mg L −1 NH 3 -N. Cod larvae of 1.0 and 1.7 mg dry weight (33 and 42 days after hatching) were found to be most sensitive and had the highest mortality to acute ammonia exposure, indicating ontogenetic changes in ammonia tolerance. The results suggest that specific care needs to be taken in designing and monitoring rearing systems, particularly recirculation systems, for toxic ammonia levels regarding larval rearing of Atlantic cod.

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“…However, other factors that influence the vulnerability of targeted fishes on TAN should consider as well. The toxicity level of TAN according to the standard is also dependent on the fish's biological traits, sensitivity and adaptation levels to the affected environmental system (Wang et al, 2016). Remarkably, saltwater fish species found to be more sensitive to ammonia toxicity effects as compared to freshwater fish species according to Roberts and Palmeiro (2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on Toxicity Level of Terminalia catappa Leaves Extract on Selected Cyprinids under Different Bath Concentrations

Hashim¹,

John²,

Ghani³

et al. 2020

JTAS

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This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of Terminalia catappa leaves extract on three cyprinid species; carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona) through the acute toxicity test. The leaves of T. catappa were extracted with methanol and prepared in various immersion concentrations (40, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg/L). These extracts were immersed in the aquarium and left for 24 h before performing the acute toxicity test. The water quality was also analyzed before and after adding the extract immersions into the aquarium. The acute toxicity test conducted for 96 h with 10 fishes of each cyprinid species (4.0-6.0 cm length) in 30 L water capacity aquarium. The mortality of each cyprinid species was recorded at 24 h time interval and LC50 of the extracts throughout 96 hours was determined through the probit analysis application. Specifically, the LC50 of T. catappa leaves extract were 349.89, 338.65 and 318.48 mg/L exhibited for carp, goldfish and tiger barb, respectively. A high concentration range of any plant-based extract has the potential to become toxic to particular fishes. Thus, it is an effort from this study to identify the safety margin of T. catappa leaves extract before its therapeutic values can be further manipulated and elucidated in aquaculture research.

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Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to different ages of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) larvae

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of nitrite on oxidative stress in early juvenile Brazilian flounder, Paralichthys orbignyanus

Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of nitrite on oxidative stress in early juvenile Brazilian flounder, Paralichthys orbignyanus

Tolerance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) larvae to acute ammonia exposure

Evaluation on Toxicity Level of Terminalia catappa Leaves Extract on Selected Cyprinids under Different Bath Concentrations

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