Acute Toxicity of Beta-Emitting Radionuclides That May Be Released in a Reactor Accident and Ingested

Sullivan, M.F.; Ruemmler, P.S.; Beamer, J.L.; Mahony, T.D.; Cross, F.T.

doi:10.2307/3574571

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It should be noted that the greater depth of the intestinal crypt cells in the human intestine (0.75-1.5 cm) would effectively shield the sensitive cells and reduce the potential for damage in man from this source of 85Kr radiation (Su78). The calculations assumed a lung weight for the rat of 2.5 g and total lung volume of 5 ml of the *'Kr atmosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicology of 85Kr

Je¹,

Dh²,

Hs³

et al. 1982

Health Physics

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Wistar rats were exposed to 85Kr gas atmospheres to determine saturation/desaturation kinetics in major tissues. Tissue partition coefficients [concentration 85Kr in tissue (muCi/g)/concentration of 85Kr in the atmosphere (muCi/cc)] were determined following equilibration with 85Kr gas. Tissue partition coefficients were highest for adrenals and fat; lowest for bone, heart and brain. Tissue partition coefficients for immature rats, 1-12 days of age, and for adults, were not significantly different. The highest concentrations of 85Kr were found in fatty tissues and in gas pockets in the intestinal lumen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicology of 85Kr

Je¹,

Dh²,

Hs³

et al. 1982

Health Physics

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“…The LD50 for 106Ru-106Rh in dogs was about 129,500 kBq/kg. The signs of intestinal injury, duration of injury, and the probabilities of tissue repair were much different in the dog than in the rat (76). The midcolon and lower colon of dogs were usually denuded at focal sites rather than in widespread areas.…”

Section: Effects Of Nuclear Fuel Compounds On the Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The potential for damage from an insoluble radioactive particle depends on the length of time the particle remains at a given point in its progress through the GI tract. Sullivan et al (76) exposed suckling, weanling, and adult rats by gavage and adult beagle dogs by ingestion to high-energy (1.4 MeV average)…”

Section: Effects Of Nuclear Fuel Compounds On the Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biokinetics of nuclear fuel compounds and biological effects of nonuniform radiation.

Lang

Servomaa

Kosma

et al. 1995

Environ Health Perspect

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Environmental releases of insoluble nuclear fuel compounds may occur at nuclear power plants during normal operation, after nuclear power plant accidents, and as a consequence of nuclear weapons testing. For example, the Chernobyl fallout contained extensive amounts of pulverized nuclear fuel composed of uranium and its nonvolatile fission products. The effects of these highly radioactive particles, also called hot particles, on humans are not well known due to lack of reliable data on the extent of the exposure. However, the biokinetics and biological effects of nuclear fuel compounds have been investigated in a number of experimental studies using various cellular systems and laboratory animals. In this article, we review the biokinetic properties and effects of insoluble nuclear fuel compounds, with special reference to UO2, PuO2, and nonvolatile, long-lived beta-emitters Zr, Nb, Ru, and Ce. First, the data on hot particles, including sources, dosimetry, and human exposure are discussed. Second, the biokinetics of insoluble nuclear fuel compounds in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract are reviewed. Finally, short- and long-term biological effects of nonuniform alpha- and beta-irradiation on the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin are discussed.Imagesp920-aFigure 1.

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“…CBased on data for internal exposure of rats to beta radiation from 106Ru-106Rh (Sullivan et al, 1978;Cross et al, 1978).…”

Section: Dose-effect Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The curve for brief exposure is based on data from Sullivan et al (1959) for exposure of exteriorized intestine of rats. The curve for protracted beta exposure is based on rats exposed to internal beta radiation from 106Ru-106Rh (Sullivan et al, 1978). A conversion factor of 35 Gy per 330 M Bq/kg was used to obtain the dose to regenerative cells.…”

Section: Dose-effect Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects models for nuclear power plant accident consequence analysis: Low LET radiation: Part 2, Scientific bases for health effects models

Abrahamson¹,

Bender²,

Book³

et al. 1989

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This report provides dose-response models intended to be used in estimating the radiological health effects of nuclear power plant accidents. Models of early and continuing effects, cancers and thyroid nodules, and genetic effects are provided. Two-parameter Weibull hazard functions are recommended for estimating the risks of early and continuing health effects. Three potentially lethal early effects-the hematopoietic, pulmonary and gastrointestinal syndromes-are considered. In addition, models are provided for assessing the risks of several non-lethal early and continuing effectsincluding prodromal vomiting and diarrhea, hypothyroidism and radiation thyroiditis, skin burns, reproductive effects, and spontaneous abortions. Linear and linear-quadratic models are recommended for estimating cancer risks. Parameters are given for analyzing the risks of seven types o f cancer in adults-leukemia, bone, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, thyroid and "other". The category, "other" cancers, is intended to reflect the combined risks of multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and cancers of the bladder, kidney, brain, ovary, uterus and cervix. Models of childhood cancers due to in utero exposure are also provided. For most cancers, both incidence and mortality are addressed. The models of cancer risk are derived largely from information summarized in B E I R 111-with some adjustment to reflect more recent studies. The effect of the revised dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has not been considered.

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Acute Toxicity of Beta-Emitting Radionuclides That May Be Released in a Reactor Accident and Ingested

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Toxicology of 85Kr

Toxicology of 85Kr

Biokinetics of nuclear fuel compounds and biological effects of nonuniform radiation.

Health effects models for nuclear power plant accident consequence analysis: Low LET radiation: Part 2, Scientific bases for health effects models

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