Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to fish, a newt, and aquatic invertebrates

Wijngaarden, R. van; Leeuwangh, Peter; Lucassen, Wil G. H.; Romijn, Kees; Ronday, R.; Velde, R. van der; Willigenburg, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00201650

Cited by 72 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…5) clearly indicates a pronounced treatmentdependent negative impact of chlorpyrifos on the arthropod zooplankton species. This is not only in line with the findings for arthropods and nonarthropods of the macroinvertebrate community in the present study, but also with previous findings reported in the literature [13,25,29]. Significant effects on D. gr.…”

Section: Effects Of Chlorpyrifos On Invertebratessupporting

confidence: 95%

“…in the 0.9 mg/L single-application treatment is in agreement with previous findings from laboratory and field studies [15,26,29]. Similar patterns were found for chlorpyrifosinduced changes in the zooplankton community (Figs.…”

Section: Effects Of Chlorpyrifos On Invertebratessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…longispina were observed just after the first 0.3 mg/ L application, which can be explained by the 96h EC50 (effective concentration 50%) and 96h EC10 (effective concentration 10%) values for D. gr. longispina of 0.3 and 0.2 mg/L, respectively, as determined previously [29]. The effects could have been enhanced by the additional predatory stress by the abundant phantom midge Chaoborus sp.…”

Section: Effects Of Chlorpyrifos On Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of time‐variable exposure regimes of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on freshwater invertebrate communities in microcosms

Zafar

Wijngaarden

Roessink

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study compared the effects of different time-variable exposure regimes having the same time-weighted average (TWA) concentration of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos on freshwater invertebrate communities to enable extrapolation of effects across exposure regimes. The experiment was performed in outdoor microcosms by introducing three different regimes: a single application of 0.9 µg active ingredients (a.i.)/L; three applications of 0.3 µg a.i./L, with a time interval of 7 d; and continuous exposure to 0.1 µg a.i./L for 21 d. Measurements showed that the TWA(21d) concentration in the continuous-exposure treatment (0.098 µg/L) was slightly lower than in the three-application (0.116 µg/L) and single-application (0.126 µg/L) treatments. The application of chlorpyrifos resulted in decreased abundances in the arthropod community, with the largest adverse effects reported for the mayfly Cloeon dipterum and cladocerans Daphnia gr. longispina and Alona sp., while smaller effects were observed for other insects, copepods, and amphipods. At the population level, however, the mayfly C. dipterum only responded to the single-application treatment, which could be explained by the toxicokinetics of chlorpyrifos in this species. At the end of the experimental period the invertebrate community showed approximately the same effect magnitude for all treatment regimes. These results suggest that for this combination of concentrations and duration of the TWA, the TWA concentration is more important for most species than the peak concentration for the assessment of long-term risks of chlorpyrifos.

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Section: Effects Of Chlorpyrifos On Invertebratessupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Effects Of Chlorpyrifos On Invertebratessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Effects Of Chlorpyrifos On Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of time‐variable exposure regimes of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on freshwater invertebrate communities in microcosms

Zafar

Wijngaarden

Roessink

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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show abstract

“…Other values in literature were higher between 0.13-3.7 µg/L using D. ambigue, D. Magnaand and D. Duplex (Caceres et al,2007;Van Wijngaarden et al, 1993;Barata et al,2004;Kersting et al,1997; Van der Hoeven and Gerrisen, 1997).…”

Section: Statistic Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

Using Zooplankton, Moina Micrura Kurz to Evaluate the Ecotoxicology of Pesticides Used in Paddy Fields of Thailand

Iwai¹,

Somparn²,

Noller³

2011

Pesticides in the Modern World - Risks and Benefits

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“…This compound is applied to different crops including cotton, nuts, vegetables and ornamental plants, and may enter surface water by runoff, spraydrift, or accidental spills [31]. It exhibits moderate persistence in natural systems and has low solubility in water [32,33]. In our model, chlorpyriphos caused significant suppression of PMA/ Relative fold change in expression of cytokine`s gene was calculated in comparison to their expression in untreated control cell.…”

Section: Citationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Immunotoxicity Testing of Pesticides using Human Cytokine Promoter Based Reporter Cell Lines

Thakur¹

2013

Clin Exp Pharmacol

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Pesticides including fungicides, herbicides and insecticides are the class of chemicals deliberately released into the environment because of their utility. Worldwide, an estimated, 3 million cases of pesticide exposure are reported per year. It has been established that pesticide chemicals can alter immune function and causes immunotoxicity. We have developed a model for immunotoxicity testing of chemicals in vitro by analyzing cytokine gene expression. The changes in cytokine gene expression observed in vitro was used as an endpoint for studying perturbation of the immune system in vivo. This system employs cell lines that have been transformed using constructs that have promoter region of Th1, Th2 cytokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These promoter regions regulate the expression of a reporter gene, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), and the activity of promoter to the external stimuli was compared with the expression of endogenous cytokine genes. CyclosporinA, FK506 (tacrolimus) and pentoxifylline, have been tested on this model and they showed specific pattern of suppression of reporter gene expression treated with PMA/ Ionomycin and LPS. These immunosuppressants also suppressed the PMA/Ionomycin and LPS induced endogenous gene expression of these cytokines. Thus our model has potential for application as a predictive screening test system for immunomodulatory activities of chemicals. The validation of the model was carried out using three pesticides chlorpyriphos, cypermethrin and captan that were known to have immunosuppressive activity on the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Following exposure to above pesticides, we also observed decrease in Th1 and Th2 cytokines promoter activity based GFP expression in our transformed cells line. Thus our model efficiently predicts the immunosuppressant nature of pesticides and therefore may serve as a tool for preliminary high throughput immunotoxicity screening of test agents such as pesticides and other environmental pollutants.

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Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to fish, a newt, and aquatic invertebrates

Cited by 72 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of time‐variable exposure regimes of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on freshwater invertebrate communities in microcosms

Effects of time‐variable exposure regimes of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on freshwater invertebrate communities in microcosms

Using Zooplankton, Moina Micrura Kurz to Evaluate the Ecotoxicology of Pesticides Used in Paddy Fields of Thailand

In Vitro Immunotoxicity Testing of Pesticides using Human Cytokine Promoter Based Reporter Cell Lines

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