Acute Toxicity of Copper, Ammonia, and Chlorine to Glochidia and Juveniles of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae)

Wang, Ning; Ingersoll, Chris G.; Hardesty, Doug; Ivey, Chris D.; Kunz, James L.; May, Tom W.; Dwyer, James G.; Roberts, A. J.; Augspurger, Tom; Kane, Cynthia M.; Neves, Richard J.; Barnhart, M.

doi:10.1897/06-523

Cited by 29 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…The EC50 variation of a factor of two was likely due to the between‐test variability. In the authors' previous ammonia toxicity tests with juvenile fatmucket at pH 8.3, the 96‐h EC50s were with 4.9 and 10 mg N/L from two static‐renewal tests [5] and 4.6 mg N/L from one flow‐through test [6]. It is unlikely that the higher EC50 in experiment 2 was because glochidia used for the production of juvenile mussels for experiment 2 had a one‐month‐longer brooding period in mussel marsupial gills than those used for experiment 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea)

Wang

Erickson

Ingersoll

et al. 2008

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pH on the toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels. Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity tests were conducted with 10-d-old juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) at five pH levels ranging from 6.5 to 9.0 in flow-through diluter systems at 20 degrees C. Acute 48-h tests with amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and 96-h tests with oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) were conducted concurrently under the same test conditions to determine the sensitivity of mussels relative to these two commonly tested benthic invertebrate species. During the exposure, pH levels were maintained within 0.1 of a pH unit and ammonia concentrations were relatively constant through time (coefficient of variation for ammonia concentrations ranged from 2 to 30% with a median value of 7.9%). The median effective concentrations (EC50s) of total ammonia nitrogen (N) for mussels were at least two to six times lower than the EC50s for amphipods and oligochaetes, and the EC50s for mussels decreased with increasing pH and ranged from 88 mg N/L at pH 6.6 to 0.96 mg N/L at pH 9.0. The EC50s for mussels were at or below the final acute values used to derive the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acute water quality criterion (WQC). However, the quantitative relationship between pH and ammonia toxicity to juvenile mussels was similar to the average relationship for other taxa reported in the WQC. These results indicate that including mussel toxicity data in a revision to the WQC would lower the acute criterion but not change the WQC mathematical representation of the relative effect of pH on ammonia toxicity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea)

Wang

Erickson

Ingersoll

et al. 2008

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The early life stages of freshwater mussels are acutely more sensitive to some chemicals when compared to commonly tested aquatic organisms [1–4]. However, only limited data are available to evaluate the chronic toxicity of chemicals to mussels and to compare the acute and chronic effect of these chemicals on mussels [5–7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (unionidae)

Wang

Ingersoll

Greer

et al. 2007

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The objectives of the present study were to develop methods for conducting chronic toxicity tests with juvenile mussels under flow-through conditions and to determine the chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile mussels using these methods. In two feeding tests, two-month-old fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and rainbow mussel (Villosa iris) were fed various live algae or nonviable algal mixture for 28 d. The algal mixture was the best food resulting in high survival (>or=90%) and growth. Multiple copper and ammonia toxicity tests were conducted for 28 d starting with two-month-old mussels. Six toxicity tests using the algal mixture were successfully completed with a control survival of 88 to 100%. Among copper tests with rainbow mussel, fatmucket, and oyster mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis), chronic value ([ChV], geometric mean of the no-observed-effect concentration and the lowest-observed-effect concentration) ranged from 8.5 to 9.8 microg Cu/L for survival and from 4.6 to 8.5 microg Cu/L for growth. Among ammonia tests with rainbow mussel, fatmucket, and wavy-rayed lampmussel (L. fasciola), the ChV ranged from 0.37 to 1.2 mg total ammonia N/L for survival and from 0.37 to 0.67 mg N/L for growth. These ChVs were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1996 chronic water quality criterion (WQC) for copper (15 microg/L; hardness 170 mg/L) and 1999 WQC for total ammonia (1.26 mg N/L; pH 8.2 and 20 degrees C). Results indicate that toxicity tests with two-month-old mussels can be conducted for 28 d with >80% control survival; growth was frequently a more sensitive endpoint compared to survival; and the 1996 chronic WQC for copper and the 1999 chronic WQC for total ammonia might not be adequately protective of the mussel species tested. However, a recently revised 2007 chronic WQC for copper based on the biotic ligand model may be more protective in the water tested.

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“…In addition, Wang, Ingersoll, Greer, Hardesty, Ivey, Kunz, May, et al. (), Wang, Ingersoll, Greer, Hardesty, Ivey, Kunz, Brumbaugh, et al. () showed that the early life stages of three freshwater mussel species are chronically sensitive to TAN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature, density and ammonia effects on growth and fecundity of the ramshorn snail (Helisoma anceps)

et al. 2017

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Ramshorn snail (Helisoma anceps) is a freshwater gastropod found all over North America and is also an essential component to the larval and juvenile culture of endangered Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) at the UC Davis Fish Conservation and Culture Lab (FCCL). H. anceps has been proven effective in cleaning the excess algae while not harming the larvae. A challenge at the FCCL has been having a reliable source of these snails, since previously it has been dependent upon nature and never guaranteed there would be enough to meet the needs of the FCCL. Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of temperature, food types, rearing density and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations. Procedures recommended to increase snail fecundity for the FCCL are to rear spawning parent snails and the resultant eggs at a high temperature (16-20°C) and with a low TAN concentration (0-5 mg/L). Newly hatched snails need to be cultured at a low density (about one snail/20 cm 2 ). After the snails grow to an acceptable size (1.3 cm diameter), they could be set aside and cultured in an environment with less optimal water quality parameters such as a high TAN level (as high as 20 mg/L) and low temperature (12°C) for quantity control prior to use. K E Y W O R D Senvironmental factor, freshwater snail, rearing, water quality wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/are

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Acute Toxicity of Copper, Ammonia, and Chlorine to Glochidia and Juveniles of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae)

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea)

Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea)

Chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (unionidae)

Temperature, density and ammonia effects on growth and fecundity of the ramshorn snail (Helisoma anceps)

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