Acute Toxicity of Indonesian Natural Food Colorant Tectona grandis Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats

Utilisation of Tectona grandis (teak) leaf extracts as natural hair dyes

“…According to European Union guidelines, the safe dose for using any substances in humans can be calculated from the Systemic Exposure Dose (SED) in in vitro studies and the lowest No‐Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) in in vivo studies 37 . For an in vivo study, no mortality, or any significant physiological changes, were detected in rats 14 days after orally receiving a single dose of 5 g/kg of the ethanol extract of teak leaves, suggesting no signs of acute toxicity 38 . However, NOAEL, typically obtained from repeated dose toxicity studies for 1‐3 months or chronic toxicity, has not been reported for teak leaf extracts.…”

“…37 For an in vivo study, no mortality, or any significant physiological changes, were detected in rats 14 days after orally receiving a single dose of 5 g/kg of the ethanol extract of teak leaves, suggesting no signs of acute toxicity. 38 However, NOAEL, typically obtained from repeated dose toxicity studies for 1-3 months or chronic toxicity, has not been reported for teak leaf extracts. Also, there are no reports of the SED for teak leaf extracts.…”

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“…In addition to CNSL toxicity due to its anacardic acid and kardol, teak and suji leaf dyes were able to cause low mortality also due to their chemical content. Teak leaves to contain anthraquinones, lignin derivatives, anthratectone, and naphthatectone [30]. The research demonstrated that teak leaf extracts caused to stomach and intestine injury on male white mice [30], [31].…”

“…Teak leaves to contain anthraquinones, lignin derivatives, anthratectone, and naphthatectone [30]. The research demonstrated that teak leaf extracts caused to stomach and intestine injury on male white mice [30], [31]. Although suji leaves have not been reported to possess insecticidal properties, previous research showed suji leaf to contain several active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and essential fats which contribute as antioxidants agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and antibacterial agent toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae [32].…”