Acute toxicity of ionic liquids for three freshwater organisms: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Danio rerio

Pretti, Carlo; Chiappe, Cinzia; Brunini, Sara; Monni, Gianfranca; Intorre, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.010

Cited by 270 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…With reference to this problem, along with scientific reports on the synthesis, physical and chemical properties and the potential for practical utilization of ionic liquids, a large number of studies have come up, which are concerned with the examination of the potential toxicity of these substances. Studies described in available literature reveal varied influences of ionic liquids on microorganisms [1,2,[17][18][19][20][21][22], plankton [21,[23][24][25][26], invertebrates [27][28][29], vertebrates [27,30], algae [2,21,23,29,[31][32][33], fungi [19,34,35] or higher land plants [8,21,31,[36][37][38][39]. The quoted literature shows that a likely toxic influence of a ionic liquid is determined by a number of factors, of which the primary role is played the cation type and the length of the substituent in the cation (as a rule, the longer alkyl chain, the higher toxicity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

Biczak

Bałczewski

Pawłowska

et al. 2014

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Ionic liquids have attracted considerable interest in various areas as new, non-volatile and nonflammable organic solvents, catalysts, reaction additives, ligands, drugs and other dedicated materials etc. Their general use, sometimes in bulky quantities, requires determination of their potential ecotoxicity on selected organisms. In the present work, influence of triphenylmethylphosphonium iodide (1) and triphenylhexadecylphosphonium iodide (2), introduced to soil, on germination and early stages of growth and development of superior plants was investigated using the plant growth test based on the OECD/OCDE 208/2006. In this test, the seeds of selected species, i.e. land superior plants -spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.) were planted in pots containing soil to which a test chemical compound had been added and in pots with control soil. To evaluate the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids 1 and 2 germination and weight (dry and fresh) of control plant seedlings were determined and compared with the germination and weight (dry and fresh) of the seedlings of plants grown in the soil watered with appropriate amounts of the test chemicals. The visual assessment of any types of damage to the test species, such as growth inhibition, chlorosis and necrosis, was also carried out and documented by digital photographs. Based on the obtained results, magnitudes of the LOEC -the lowest concentration causing observable effects in the form of reduction in growth and germination compared with the control and the NOEC -the highest concentration not causing observable, toxic effects -were also determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biotests that are most commonly used in contemporary ecotoxicological studies include Microtox® [1-3, 10, 21, 26, 47-49]. Algaltoxkit F and Marine Algaltoxkit [27,32,44,50], Phytotoxkit [38,[50][51][52], Daphtoxkit F magma and Daphtoxkit F pulex [1,25], and Ostracodtoxkit F [42,[52][53][54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

Biczak

Bałczewski

Pawłowska

et al. 2014

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…ILs based on imidazolium, pyridinium, phosphonium, and ammonium have been tested on Cyclotella meneghiniana, Selenastrum capricornutum, Daphnia magna, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and zebrafish (Latala et al, 2005;Pretti et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2009). It was found that shorter alkyl-substituted chains demonstrated lower toxicity compared with the cations with a longer alkyl substituent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Inhibitory Effects ofN-Butylpyridinium Chloride and Structurally Related Ionic Liquids on Organic Cation Transporters 1/2 and Human Toxic Extrusion Transporters 1/2-K In Vitro and In Vivo

Cheng¹,

Martinez-Guerrero²,

Wright³

et al. 2011

Drug Metab Dispos

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ABSTRACT:Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of salts that are expected to be used as a new source of solvents and for many other applications. Our previous studies revealed that selected ILs, structurally related organic cations, are eliminated exclusively in urine as the parent compound, partially mediated by renal transporters. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of N-butylpyridinium chloride (NBuPy-Cl) and structurally related ILs on organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multidrug and toxic extrusion transporters (MATEs) in vitro and in vivo. After Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing rat (r) OCT1, rOCT2, human (h) OCT2, hMATE1, or hMATE2-K were constructed, the ability of NBuPy-Cl, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride (Bmim-Cl), N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (BmPyCl), and alkyl substituted pyridinium ILs to inhibit these transporters was determined in vitro. NBuPy-Cl (0, 0.5, or 2 mg/kg per hour) was also infused into rats to assess its effect on the pharmacokinetics of metformin, a substrate of OCTs and MATEs. NBuPy-Cl, Bmim-Cl, and BmPy-Cl displayed strong inhibitory effects on these transporters (IC 50 ‫؍‬ 0.2-8.5 M). In addition, the inhibitory effects of alkyl-substituted pyridinium ILs on OCTs increased dramatically as the length of the alkyl chain increased. The IC 50 values were 0.1, 3.8, 14, and 671 M (hexyl-, butyl-, and ethyl-pyridinium and pyridinium chloride) for rOCT2-mediated metformin transport. Similar structurally related inhibitory kinetics were also observed for rOCT1 and hOCT2. The in vivo coadministration study revealed that NBuPy-Cl reduced the renal clearance of metformin in rats. These results demonstrate that ILs compete with other substrates of OCTs and MATEs and could alter the in vivo pharmacokinetics of such substrates.

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“…Although ILs will not cause air pollution because of their negligible vapor pressures, some of them still present a non-negligible solubility in water, thus leading to aquatic environmental risks [9]. Several studies have reported the biological effects of single ILs on the basis of different toxicological test systems such as enzymes (e.g., acetylcholinesterase), bacteria (e.g., Vibrio fischeri), algae (e.g., Selenastrum capricornutum), mammalian cells (e.g., MCF-7 cell), plants (e.g., wheat and cress), invertebrates (e.g., zebra mussel), and vertebrates (e.g., Danio rerio) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Stage Prediction of the Effects of Imidazolium and Pyridinium Ionic Liquid Mixtures on Luciferase

Liu

et al. 2014

Molecules

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Abstract:The predicted toxicity of mixtures of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) in the ratios of their EC 50 , EC 10 , and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) were compared to the observed toxicity of these mixtures on luciferase. The toxicities of EC 50 ratio mixture can be effectively predicted by two-stage prediction (TSP) method, but were overestimated by the concentration addition (CA) model and underestimated by the independent action (IA) model. The toxicities of EC 10 ratio mixtures can be basically predicted by TSP and CA, but were underestimated by IA. The toxicities of NOEC ratio mixtures can be predicted by TSP and CA in a certain concentration range, but were underestimated by IA. Our results support the use of TSP as a default approach for predicting the combined effect of different types of ILs at the molecular level. In addition, mixtures of ILs mixed at NOEC and EC 10 could cause significant effects of 64.1% and 97.7%, respectively. Therefore, we should pay high attention to the combined effects in mixture risk assessment.

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Acute toxicity of ionic liquids for three freshwater organisms: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Danio rerio

Cited by 270 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

Characterization of the Inhibitory Effects ofN-Butylpyridinium Chloride and Structurally Related Ionic Liquids on Organic Cation Transporters 1/2 and Human Toxic Extrusion Transporters 1/2-K In Vitro and In Vivo

Two-Stage Prediction of the Effects of Imidazolium and Pyridinium Ionic Liquid Mixtures on Luciferase

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