Acute toxicity of mixture of acetaminophen and ibuprofen to Green Neon Shrimp, Neocaridina denticulate

Evaluation of ecotoxicological effects of drugs on Daphnia magna using different enzymatic biomarkers

“…Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) plays an important protective role by acting as a scavenger for high levels of hydrogen peroxide; during this process, glutathione is oxidized and loses its protective antioxidant potential (Nunes et al, 2006). Some pharmaceutical compounds may stimulate the production of ROS, eliciting oxidative damage to aquatic organisms including fish and invertebrates as verified in studies with acetaminophen (Solé et al, 2010;Gómez-Oliván et al, 2012;Antunes et al, 2013;Sung et al, 2014), chlorpromazine (Li et al, 2008), sodium diclofenac (Oviedo-Gómez et al, 2010;Parolini and Binelli, 2012;Parolini et al, 2013;Nava-Álvarez et al, 2014) and propranolol (Solé et al, 2010;Franzellitti et al, 2011).…”

How to Answer the Question — Are Drugs Real Threats to Biological Systems or Overrated Innocuous Chemicals?

“…Population changes were also observed after chronically exposing D. magna to the compounds testosterone and 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, even for ecologically relevant levels [47], reinforcing the possibility of exertion of deleterious effects in the wild. Another crustacean, namely Neocaridina denticulate, demonstrated to be extremely sensitive in terms of lethality to a combination of pharmaceutical drugs (paracetamol and ibuprofen) commonly found in the aquatic environment [48]. The ecotoxicological effects of mefenamic acid on D. magna and Moina macrocopa were evaluated by Collard et al [49].…”

Toxicity and biodegradation of ibuprofen by Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b)

“…Because the estimated MEC/PNEC (real risk) ratio for ibuprofen was over 1, a probable environmental risk was suggested (Bouissou-Schurtz et al 2014). The hitherto toxic effects of ibuprofen on Scenedesmus subspicatus , Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata , Daphnia magna , Daphnia longispina , Neocaridina denticulata , Danio rerio , Pimephales notatus , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Rutilus rutilus , Oreochromis niloticus , Oryzias latipes , Menidia beryllina and Mytilus galloprovinciali as model organisms were evaluated (Brozinski et al 2013; Fent et al 2006; Flippin et al 2007; Gonzalez-Naranjo and Boltes 2014; Gonzales-Rey and Bebianno 2012; Jeffries et al 2015; Ragugnetti et al 2011; Sung et al 2014). Flippin et al (2007) showed that ibuprofen increased the number of eggs with a simultaneous decrease in the number of fish spawning in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes .…”