Acute Toxicity of T-2 Toxin in Broiler Chicks and Laying Hens ,

Abstract

Purified T-2 toxin was given to broiler chicks and laying hens in single oral doses by intubation into the crop to evaluate acute toxic effects. The 10-day median lethal dose for one-day-old broiler chicks in two experiments was estimated as 5.03 ± 0.25 and 5.25 ± 0.21 mg./kg. body weight. The 10-day median lethal dose for 8-week-old broiler chicks and laying hens was 4.97 ± 0.25 and 6.27 ± 0.42 mg./kg. body weight, respectively. Death of birds occurred within 48 hours after T-2 toxin administration. Within 4 hours after receiving T-2 toxin, birds developed asthenia, inappetence, diarrhea and panting. Coma was observed in birds given high lethal doses of T-2 toxin. The abdominal cavities of birds given lethal doses contained a white chalk-like material, which covered much of the viscera.Sublethal doses of T-2 toxin resulted in a decrease of weight gain and feed consumption which were proportional to the amount of the toxin given. No obvious abnormal changes in the bone marrow were noted in surviving birds. The blood components (hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte, leukocyte, SGOT, SGPT, serum LDH, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum total protein, serum cholesterol and serum uric acid) determined at 10 and 30 days after T-2 toxin administration were not significantly changed or not consistently changed in 8-week-old broiler chicks and laying hens by T-2 toxin.Other than necrotic visible lesions on the mucosal surface of the gizzard and crop in a few high dose birds, no salient pathological or clinical signs were observed at 10 and 30 days after T-2 toxin administration.

Subacute Toxicity of T-2 Toxin in Broiler Chicks ,

“…T-2 toxin was produced by growing Fusarium tricinctum NRRL 3299 on rice or corn grit substrate; the toxin was extracted and purified as described by Chi et al (1976) and Burmeister (1971).…”

Transmission of Radioactivity into Eggs from Laying Hens (Gallus domesticus) Administered Tritium Labeled T-2 Toxin ,

“…Purity, authenticity and stability of the product were established as described by Chi et al (1977cChi et al ( , 1978. The specific radioactivity of the toxin used in this study was 579 mCi/mmole.…”

“…This toxin has been recognized as a major toxic metabolite and causes northern moldy corn toxicosis (Hsu etal, 1972). Toxic effects of T-2 toxin have been reported in various farm and laboratory animal species (Smalley et al, 1970;Kosuri et al, 1971;Christensen et al, 1972;Wyatt et ai, 1973;Chi et al, 1977c). The most significant sign in poultry fed purified T-2 toxin is oral lesions observed in broiler chickens (Wyatt et al, 1972;Chi et al, 1977a), turkey poults (Christensen et al, 1972), and laying chickens (Chi et al, 1977b).…”

Distribution, production, analysis and effects of aflatoxin in animal tissues and effects of scirpene toxins on chicken embryos

“…However, comparative studies using a uniform application method and a single animal species for the acute toxiciiy of the 12,13-epoxytricothecenes are lacking (Chi et al, 1977). Chi et al (1977), in their study of acute toxicity of 12,13-epoxytricothecenes In one day old broiler chickvreported that no deaths occurred in the control groups for each toxin tested.…”

“…Chi et al (1977), in their study of acute toxicity of 12,13-epoxytricothecenes In one day old broiler chickvreported that no deaths occurred in the control groups for each toxin tested. Most deaths in the toxin treated birds occurred during the period of 8 to 60 hours after dosing.…”