Acute Watery Diarrhea Surveillance During the Rohingya Crisis 2017–2019 in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

Abstract

Introduction Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals fled into Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh due to internal conflict. Considering the public health situation, a surveillance network was established to identify the enteric pathogens and early detection of cholera epidemics. Purpose of this manuscript is to report the clinical, epidemiological determinants of cholera and other enteric pathogens among hospitalized diarrhoeal patients from FDMNs and host community. Methodology A total of 11 sentinel surveillance sites were established around the camps in Ukhia and Teknaf Upazila, Cox’s Bazar. Rapid diagnostic testing was conducted for immediate detection of cholera cases. Stool samples were transferred to the icddr,b laboratory for culture. Result A total of 8134 participants with diarrhea were enrolled from 2017- 2019: 4881 were FDMNs and 3253 from the Bangladeshi host community. Among the FDMNs, the proportion of V. cholerae 0.7%, ETEC 4.9% and Shigella 1.5%. The distributions from host community were 1.2% V. cholerae, 1.8% ETEC and 1.1% Shigella. Similar risk factors have been identified for the diarrhoeal pathogens for both communities. Conclusion This surveillance helped to monitor the situation of diarrheal diseases including cholera in refugee camps as well as in the neighboring host community. These findings lead policy makers to take immediate preventive measures.

Acute watery diarrhoea cases during cholera outbreak in Syria: a cohort study

“…This is due to the fact that cholera is an infectious disease. Data from Bangladesh confirm this finding 11…”

“…Data from Bangladesh confirm this finding. 11 The previous outbreak in Syria does not appear to be linked to tap water contamination, but rather to potential sources such as uncontrolled well water and contaminated vegetables, similar to outbreaks in other countries like Yemen and Nigeria. 7 9 The association of severe watery diarrhoea with nausea and vomiting in many unmanaged cases worsens the situation and leads the patient to dehydration and electrolyte disturbance, which may be dangerous in many cases.…”

Implementation and Delivery of Oral Cholera Vaccination Campaigns in Humanitarian Crisis Settings among Rohingya Myanmar nationals in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

“…Diarrhea treatment centers have been established for clinical management of suspected or confirmed cases [19]. The establishment of sentinel surveillance by the ICDDR,B with funding support from UNICEF in different health facilities in collaboration with the government, NGOs, and different international organizations (WHO, IOM, MSF, Red Cross) has helped in the early detection of cholera cases [20]. The joint assessment team (JAT team), which consisted of WASH, health, and laboratory personnel, was formed and acted as a rapid response team for outbreak investigation and active case searching.…”

The Burden of Vibrio sp. Infections – A Scoping Review

“…Bangladesh 19 [33,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][51][52][53][54] 24475 13 China 1 [74] 46 N/A India 12 [6,[95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105] 41374 34 Iran 3 [106,107,109] 2022 N/A Iraq 1 [110] 136 3 Korea 1 [121] 3 N/A Nepal 1 [126] 111 2 Pakistan 1 [130] 83 N/A Philippines 1 [133] 55 2 Singapore 1 [135] 210 N/A Vietnam 2 [162,163] 67 N/A Yemen 3 [164][165][166] 1118929 2461…”