Acyclic <i>N</i>‐halamine‐based biocidal tubing: Preparation, characterization, and rechargeable biofilm‐controlling functions

Ji, Luo; Sun, Yuyu

doi:10.1002/jbm.a.31301

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The biofilm-controlling properties of the N -halamine tubing using source tap water have been confirmed in previous work by the authors and have been published elsewhere [17, 18]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Growth and Identification of Bacteria inN-Halamine Dental Unit Waterline Tubing Using an Ultrapure Water Source

Porteous

Hererra

et al. 2011

International Journal of Microbiology

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This study examined bacterial growth and type on biofilm-controlling dental unit waterline (DUWL) tubing (T) and control manufacturer's tubing (C) in a laboratory DUWL model using ultrapure source water that was cycled through the lines. Sections of tubing lines were detached and examined for biofilm growth using SEM imaging at six sampling periods. Bacteria from inside surfaces of T and C, source unit, and reservoir were cultured and enumerated. At six months, organisms were molecularly identified from the alignment matches obtained from the top three BLAST searches for the 16S region. There was a 1–3 log increase in organism growth in a clean, nonsterile reservoir within an hour. Biofilm was established on the inside surfaces of C within three weeks, but not on T. Proteobacteria, and Sphingomonas spp. were identified in the source reservoir and C line, and a variation of the genera was found in T line.

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“…The biofilm-controlling properties of the N -halamine tubing using source tap water have been confirmed in previous work by the authors and have been published elsewhere [17, 18]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Growth and Identification of Bacteria inN-Halamine Dental Unit Waterline Tubing Using an Ultrapure Water Source

Porteous

Hererra

et al. 2011

International Journal of Microbiology

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“…20,26,27 In this study, the PU tubing was immersed in a water bath maintained at 90 °C–95 °C. An aqueous solution containing 10 wt% MAA was pumped through the PU tubing at 1.0–1.5 mL/min (1 min on, 19 min off) for 3 hr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,19 In one of our previous studies, we successfully developed a rechargeable antimicrobial approach by which N -halamine compounds were covalently bound onto the inner surfaces of tubing to provide biofilm-controlling functions. 20 N -halamines are compounds containing one or more nitrogen-halogen covalent bonds that are normally formed by the chlorination of imide, amide, or amine groups. As broad-spectrum food and water disinfectants, N -halamines have antimicrobial efficacy similar to that of hypochlorite bleach, one of the most widely used disinfectants in dental and hospital settings, but N -halamines are more stable, less corrosive, and have much less tendency to generate halogenated hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Biofilm-Controlling Tubing Materials for Use in Dental Unit Water Lines

Porteous

Sun

2011

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A simple and practical surface grafting approach was developed to introduce rechargeable N-halamine-based antimicrobial functionality onto the inner surfaces of continuous small-bore polyurethane (PU) dental unit waterline (DUWL) tubing. In this approach, tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of a free-radical initiator, dicumyl peroxide (DCP), flowed through the PU tubing (inner diameter of 1/16 inch, or 1.6 mm) to diffuse DCP into the tube’s inner walls, which was used as initiator in the subsequent grafting polymerization of methacrylamide (MAA) onto the tubing. Upon chlorine bleach treatment, the amide groups of the grafted MAA side chains were transformed into acyclic N-halamines. The reactions were confirmed with attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR) spectra and iodometric titration. The mechanical properties of the tubing were not significantly affected by the grafting reactions. The biofilm-controlling function of the new N-halamine-based PU tubing was evaluated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), one of the most isolated water bacteria from DUWLs, in a continuous bacterial flow model. Bacteria culturing and SEM studies showed that the inner surfaces of the new N-halamine-based PU tubing completely prevented bacterial biofilm formation for at least three to four weeks. After that, bacteria began to colonize the tubing surface. However, the lost function was fully regenerated by exposing the tubing inner surfaces to diluted chlorine bleach. The recharging process could be repeated periodically to further extend the biofilm-controlling duration for long-term applications.

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“…A portion of the films was sonicated individually for 5 min using an ultrasonic cleaner (Branson 1510) and vortexed for 1 min to detach the adherent microorganisms into sterile PBS. 16,49 The resulting solution was then serially diluted, and 100 μL of each diluent was placed onto the corresponding agar plates for overnight incubation at 37 °C (for S. epidermidis and E. coli ) or for 48 h incubation at ambient temperature (for C. albicans ). The CFUs on each agar plate were counted, the level of recoverable adherent microorganisms on each sample was calculated, and the results were presented as CFU/cm 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternized chitosans bind onto preexisting biofilms and eradicate pre-attached microorganisms

et al. 2014

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Quaternized chitosans, N,N,N-trimethylchitosans (TMC) with different degree of quaternization were synthesized by reacting methyl iodide with chitosan. The reaction was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR characterization. Antimicrobial assay showed that the prepared TMC had potent biocidal effects against planktonic Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and yeast Candida albicans. Bacterial and fungal biofilms were formed on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films and then treated with TMC aqueous solutions. Zeta potential measurement suggested that TMC bonded onto the preexisting biofilms. Biofilm-binding kinetics was evaluated in UV studies using phenyl group-labeled TMC as model compounds, which revealed that quaternized chitosans bonded onto the preexisting biofilms rapidly. Colony-forming unit (CFU) determination and SEM, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence microscopy studies demonstrated that the bonded TMC had powerful biocidal activities to eradicate the pre-attached bacterial and fungal cells in the preexisting biofilms. The biocompatibility of the TMC samples with rat skin fibroblast cells was evaluated in the MTT assay.

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Acyclic N‐halamine‐based biocidal tubing: Preparation, characterization, and rechargeable biofilm‐controlling functions

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Growth and Identification of Bacteria inN-Halamine Dental Unit Waterline Tubing Using an Ultrapure Water Source

Growth and Identification of Bacteria inN-Halamine Dental Unit Waterline Tubing Using an Ultrapure Water Source

Rechargeable Biofilm-Controlling Tubing Materials for Use in Dental Unit Water Lines

Quaternized chitosans bind onto preexisting biofilms and eradicate pre-attached microorganisms

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