Adamdec1, Ednrb and Ptgs1/Cox1, inflammation genes upregulated in the intestinal mucosa of obese rats, are downregulated by three probiotic strains

Abstract

We have previously reported that administration of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 to obese Zucker-Leprfa/fa rats attenuates liver steatosis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. The goal of the present work was to investigate the modulation of gene expression in intestinal mucosa samples of obese Zucker-Leprfa/fa rats fed the probiotic strains using a DNA microarray and postgenomic techniques. We also measured secretory IgA content in the gut and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) in serum. Expression of three genes (Adamdec1, Ednrb and Ptgs1/Cox1) was up-regulated in the intestinal mucosa of the obese rats compared with that in the rats when they were still lean. Probiotic administration down-regulated expression of Adamdec1 and Ednrb at the mRNA and protein levels and that of Ptgs1/Cox1 at the mRNA level, and this effect was in part mediated by a decrease in both macrophage and dendritic cell populations. Probiotic treatment also increased secretory IgA content and diminished the LBP concentration. Based on results reported in this work and else where, we propose a possible mechanism of action for these bacterial strains.

The Gut Microbiota and Its Implication in the Development of Atherosclerosis and Related Cardiovascular Diseases

“…It has been demonstrated that probiotics can affect the structure of gut microbiota and the interaction with the microbial community and the host health through different mechanisms [12,[193][194][195]. These effects are mediated by the direct or indirect action of probiotics and can involve the modulation of the immune system or that of remote organs like the brain and liver due to the production of metabolites finally localized in these organs [193,[196][197][198][199].…”

Gene expression profiling in the intestinal mucosa of obese rats administered probiotic bacteria

“…Ohtsuka et al 12 administered Bifidobacterium breve M-16V to rat pups during the newborn period and found a lower expression of various inflammation-related genes in the colon. This descriptor is based on the data of our recently published work 13 , whose goal was to investigate whether these bacterial strains may modulate the gene expression of the intestinal mucosa. For this purpose and with the help of DNA microarray technology, we began by studying the modulation of a great number of genes in intestinal mucosa samples from obese Zucker rats.…”

Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Treating Pediatric Intestinal Diseases

“…Alteration to the gut microbiome through the administration of beneficial microbes, typically referred to as probiotics, is an active area of investigation [ 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts, although dead bacteria and bacterial molecular components may also exhibit probiotic properties” [ 22 ].…”

“…Alteration to the gut microbiome through the administration of beneficial microbes, typically referred to as probiotics, is an active area of investigation [ 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts, although dead bacteria and bacterial molecular components may also exhibit probiotic properties” [ 22 ]. Recent reviews and meta-analyses have suggested an effect of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal and upper respiratory infections in children [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

“…Many scientific reports from different societies, such as the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) [ 24 ], the American Academy of Pediatrics [ 36 ], the World Gastroenterology Organization [ 37 ], and the Canadian Pediatric Society [ 38 ] have indicated the benefits of probiotics, supporting recommendations for the use of probiotics to treat acute gastroenteritis and for the reduction of AAD. Several important mechanisms that underlie the observed beneficial effects of probiotics include secretion of antimicrobial substances, competitive adherence to the mucosa and epithelium, strengthening of the gut epithelial barrier, and modulation of the immune system [ 22 , 23 , 32 ]. Probiotic effects that are mediated through these mechanisms are an important issue that needs to be addressed.…”