Adaptação da Escala de Crenças Disfuncionais face à Maternidade para a população portuguesa: Estudos psicométricos

Abstract

As crenças disfuncionais face à maternidade têm sido apontadas como um fator de risco para a depressão pós-parto. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar a Escala de Crenças Disfuncionais Face à Maternidade (ECM), que avalia as crenças disfuncionais face à maternidade, para a população portuguesa, e avaliar as suas qualidades psicométricas. Para tal, utilizou-se uma amostra de 387 mulheres no período pós--parto. As participantes responderam, num estudo transversal, à ECM e a outros questionários de autorresposta. A análise fatorial confirmatória revelou como mais adequado um modelo tridimensional, semelhante à estrutura original do instrumento: Crenças Relacionadas com o Julgamento dos Outros, Crenças Relacionadas com a Responsabilidade Materna e Crenças Relacionadas com a Idealização do Papel Materno. Além disso, a ECM associou-se de forma significativa à sintomatologia depressiva e aos pensamentos automáticos negativos gerais e no pós-parto, mostrando a sua validade convergente. Ademais, apresentou boa consistência interna para a pontuação total e para as suas dimensões, à exceção da dimensão Crenças Relacionadas com a Responsabilidade Materna. De forma geral, a versão portuguesa da ECM apresentou bons níveis de fidelidade e validade, pelo que constitui um instrumento útil na avaliação das crenças disfuncionais face à maternidade. Palavras-chave:Crenças disfuncionais face à maternidade, Depressão pós-parto, Escala de Crenças Disfuncionais face à Maternidade, Propriedades psicométricas.

Dysfunctional Attitudes Toward Motherhood and Depressive Symptoms in Portuguese Pregnant Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: the Mediating Roles of Self-Compassion and Mindful Self-Care

“…Our findings were also congruent with the previous literature (Costa et al, 2018; regarding the negative association between dysfunctional attitudes toward motherhood and self-compassion. According to our findings, more dysfunctional attitudes toward motherhood may be associated with lower levels of self-compassion.…”

“…Higher scores suggest more dysfunctional attitudes toward motherhood. The Portuguese version presents good levels of internal consistency (𝛼 = 0.84 for the total scale) and was found to be a reliable instrument (Costa et al, 2018). In our sample, Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 and McDonald's omega was 0.87.…”

“…The Attitudes Toward Motherhood (AToM; Sockol et al, 2014;Costa et al, 2018) scale was used to evaluate dysfunctional motherhood-related beliefs. AToM comprises 12 items answered on a 6-point Likert scale (from 0 = always disagree to 5 = always agree), and it is organized in three dimensions: beliefs related to others' judgments (e.g., "If my baby is crying, people will think I cannot care for him/her properly"), beliefs related to maternal responsibility (e.g., "Good mothers always put their baby's needs first"), and beliefs related to maternal role idealization (e.g., "It is wrong to have mixed feelings about my baby").…”

“…Dysfunctional attitudes toward motherhood are conceptualized as mothers' beliefs about motherhood and about the maternal role that encompass themes of failure, personal inadequacy, and a sense of hopelessness about the self, the world, and the future (Costa et al, 2018;Sockol et al, 2014). According to the cognitive model of depression, dysfunctional beliefs are considered a cognitive factor that confers vulnerability to the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms (Beck, 1987;Beck et al, 1979), in this case, during the perinatal period (Sockol et al, 2014;Sockol & Battle, 2015).…”

Dysfunctional beliefs towards motherhood and postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms: Uncovering the role of experiential avoidance

“…Portuguese version of the AToM scale presents good levels of internal consistency ( = 0.84 for the total scale) and convergent validity with other measures (Costa et al, 2018). In our sample, the Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.76 (Beliefs related to Maternal Responsibility) to 0.87 (Beliefs related to Maternal Role Idealization).…”