Adaptación y validación de escalas de medición en el trabajo. Parte 1: bienestar social

Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar al contexto laboral la escala de bienestar social de Keyes, para lo cual se ejecutó una investigación cuantitativa con una muestra de 332 trabajadores divididos aleatoriamente en dos submuestras (A y B). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio por medio de mínimos cuadrados generalizados (submuestra A) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio con el método de estimación de mínimos cuadrados ponderados multivariantes (submuestra B). Los resultados muestran una escala de bienestar social en el trabajo con indicadores de ajuste adecuados: CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.98 y RMSEA = 0.091. La escala está constituida por 3 factores: pertenencia social, interacción social y comprensión social en el trabajo, cuyos respectivos valores de omega certifican consistencia interna. Se concluye que la escala de bienestar social en el trabajo presenta características psicométricas adecuadas para su uso, constituyéndose en un aporte para la psicología del trabajo y las organizaciones.

The effect of a collective competence intervention on collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing: a quasi-experimental study of a sample of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis

“…With respect to social wellbeing, we also found an improvement related to the interventions' effect in developing healthcare workers' collective competences. This relationship, similar to our findings regarding psychological wellbeing, suggest that the reinforcement of collective competencies can help workers to feel more identified with, more useful, and more loyal to their organization and team members; while also promote a better assessment and quality of the bonds and interpersonal relationships established between them (Campos et al, 2020a ).…”

“…Instrument validated by Campos et al ( 2020a ) for use in workplace settings; originally developed by Keyes ( 1998 ) and adapted and translated into Spanish by Blanco and Diaz ( 2005 ). It is composed of 13 Likert-format items, which are given scores ranging from 4 (strongly disagree) to 1 (strongly agree).…”

“…As this author states, social wellbeing is also a multidimensional construct, which endures over time, and argues that people with more social wellbeing usually have feelings of belonging with solid social ties; trust both in themselves and others, accepting the positive and negative aspects of their lives; feel useful within a collective; have confidence in the future of society, being aware of its potential for growth and its benefits; and regard life—and the world they live in—as full of meanings and possible goals. As social interactions tend to happen differently in organizational contexts, we conceptualize social wellbeing through the structural adaptation validated by Campos et al ( 2020a ) for the workplace environment, constituted by three factors: (1) Social Belonging, which is the positive assessment of the degree to which workers feel attached to the organization, encouraging a feeling of usefulness and fidelity to it; (2) Social Interaction, defined as the positive assessment of the qualities of one's coworkers and the organization as a social system, considering the quality of the bonds and interpersonal relationships established; and (3) Social Comprehension, which is the positive assessment of the worker's understanding of the social and administrative functioning of the organization, which enables them to understand social relations, ties and events in the workplace. In sense of this definition of social wellbeing, we proposed our fourth and last hypothesis (H 4 ), stating that a group intervened in their collective competences, will show an improvement in the three dimensions of social wellbeing, in comparison to a control group.…”

Pertenencia ciudadana: estudio de caso de las comunidades afro de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

“…Otro elemento que caracterizo el instrumento es que contó con 15 preguntas asociadas con las variables que se muestran en la operacionalización de las variables (Tabla 1); la estructura del instrumento permitió un mejor acercamiento a los rasgos culturales de las comunidades afrodescendientes, abordando de este modo elementos como su estructura comunitaria, su comprensión sobre los espacios de participación, su forma de aplicación de liderazgo y su concepción de ser ciudadano. Por último, la tabla 2 muestra los resultados de la validación del instrumento, para ello se empleó el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach el cual es una herramienta para verificar la consistencia interna (Campos-Carreño et al, 2020). Como se puede observar en la tabla 2 el coeficiente obtenido es de 0,655, lo que indica que el instrumento (encuesta), tiene un nivel de fiabilidad adecuado, logrando de este modo medir el fenómeno estudiado a través de las variables propuestas.…”