Adaptation and acclimation of aerobic exercise physiology in Lake Whitefish ecotypes (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>)

Dalziel, Anne C.; Martin, Nicolas; Laporte, Martin; Guderley, Helga; Bernatchez, Louis

doi:10.1111/evo.12727

Cited by 36 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(300 reference statements)

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“…In these conditions, longer fins could provide an advantage, as observed for labriform swimmers (Dalziel et al , ). Moreover, recent studies suggest that functional expectations should not be considered alone when evaluating the adaptability of a fish in forced swimming experiments because solutions other than morphological changes exist to satisfy new swimming needs (Fisher‐Rousseau et al , ; Rouleau et al , ; Dalziel et al , ). In this analysis, a different behaviour was observed in the 20 and 30 cm s −1 water velocities compared with the 0 and 10 cm s −1 ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape plasticity in response to water velocity in the freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis

Laporte

Julien

Berrebi

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Biology

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A non-random association between an environmental factor and a given trait could be explained by directional selection (genetic determinism) and by phenotypic plasticity (environmental determinism). A previous study showed a significant relationship between morphology and water velocity in Salaria fluviatilis that conformed to functional expectations. The objective of this study was to test whether this relationship could be explained by phenotypic plasticity. Salaria fluviatilis from a Corsican stream were placed in four experimental channels with different water velocities (0, 10, 20 and 30 cm s(-1)) to test whether there was a morphological response associated with this environmental factor. After 28 days, fish shape changed in response to water velocity without any significant growth. Fish in higher water velocities exhibited a more slender body shape and longer anal and caudal fins. These results indicate a high degree of morphological plasticity in riverine populations of S. fluviatilis and suggest that the previous relationship between morphology and water velocity observed in the field may largely be due to an environmental determinism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape plasticity in response to water velocity in the freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis

Laporte

Julien

Berrebi

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…However, the effect of UV-B may be habitat specific, and habitats that require high levels of physical activity may confer protection against ROS damage via the protective effects of exercise. In aquatic systems, water flow is a physical factor that increases the requirement for increased locomotor activity, which in turn can increase metabolic rate and locomotor performance because of training effects (Dalziel et al, 2015;Davison, 1997). It is possible, therefore, that fish living in flowing water also have increased antioxidant activities, which would increase resilience to UV-B-induced ROS damage compared with fish living in still water environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in flowing water increases resistance to ultraviolet B radiation

Ghanizadeh-Kazerouni

Franklin

Seebacher

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) is an important environmental driver that can affect locomotor performance negatively by inducing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Prolonged regular exercise increases antioxidant activities, which may alleviate the negative effects of UV-B-induced ROS. Animals naturally performing exercise, such as humans performing regular exercise or fish living in flowing water, may therefore be more resilient to the negative effects of UV-B. We tested this hypothesis in a fully factorial experiment, where we exposed mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) to UV-B and control (no UV-B) conditions in flowing and still water. We show that fish exposed to UV-B and kept in flowing water had increased sustained swimming performance (U crit ), increased antioxidant defences (catalase activity and glutathione concentrations) and reduced cellular damage (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl concentrations) compared with fish in still water. There was no effect of UV-B or water flow on resting or maximal rates of oxygen consumption. Our results show that environmental water flow can alleviate the negative effects of UV-Binduced ROS by increasing defence mechanisms. The resultant reduction in ROS-induced damage may contribute to maintain locomotor performance. Hence, the benefits of regular exercise are 'transferred' to improve resilience to the negative impacts of UV-B. Ecologically, the mechanistic link between responses to different habitat characteristics can determine the success of animals. These dynamics have important ecological connotations when river or stream flow changes as a result of weather patterns, climate or human modifications.

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“…Data for laboratory‐reared crosses from Dalziel et al . () and Laporte et al . () are noted next to each panel (Témiscouata Lake dwarf and Aylmer Lake normal whitefish) for comparison.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…We found no evidence for the presence of pink muscle fibres in Lake Whitefish muscles in prior histological studies (Dalziel et al . ). We removed the heart (ventricle only, extra blood blotted away) and liver, weighed organs and then flash‐froze these samples in liquid nitrogen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Convergence in organ size but not energy metabolism enzyme activities among wild Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species pairs

et al. 2016

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The repeated evolution of similar phenotypes by similar mechanisms can be indicative of local adaptation, constraints or biases in the evolutionary process. Little is known about the incidence of physiological convergence in natural populations, so here we test whether energy metabolism in 'dwarf' and 'normal' Lake Whitefish evolves by similar mechanisms. Prior genomic and transcriptomic studies have found that divergence in energy metabolism is key to local adaptation in whitefish species pairs, but that distinct genetic and transcriptomic changes often underlie phenotypic evolution among lakes. Here, we predicted that traits at higher levels of biological organization, including the activities of energy metabolism enzymes (the product of enzyme concentration and turnover rate) and the relative proportions of metabolically active tissues (heart, liver, skeletal muscle), would show greater convergence than genetic and transcriptomic variation. We compared four whitefish species pairs and found convergence in organ size whereby all dwarf whitefish populations have a higher proportion of red skeletal muscle, three have relatively larger livers and two have relatively larger ventricles than normal fish. On the other hand, hepatic and muscle enzyme activities showed little convergence and were largely dependent on lake of origin. Only the most genetically divergent species pair (Cliff Lake) displayed white muscle enzyme activities matching results from laboratory-reared normal and dwarf whitefish. Overall, these data show convergence in the evolution of organ size, but not in the activities of candidate enzymes of energy metabolism, which may have evolved mainly as a consequence of demographic or ecological differences among lakes.

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Adaptation and acclimation of aerobic exercise physiology in Lake Whitefish ecotypes (Coregonus clupeaformis)

Cited by 36 publications

References 122 publications

Shape plasticity in response to water velocity in the freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis

Shape plasticity in response to water velocity in the freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis

Living in flowing water increases resistance to ultraviolet B radiation

Convergence in organ size but not energy metabolism enzyme activities among wild Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species pairs

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