Adaptation and coordinated evolution of plant hydraulic traits

Sanchez‐Martinez, Pablo; Martínez‐Vilalta, Jordi; Dexter, Kyle G.; Cortés, Rocío; Mencuccini, Maurizio

doi:10.1111/ele.13584

Cited by 90 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…high water transport efficiency) are also more vulnerable to embolism (low |Ψ P50 | and low safety) and vice versa (Venturas et al, 2017). However, this tradeoff appears to be weak at the global scale across species, at least as captured with current measurement techniques (Gleason et al, 2016; Sanchez‐Martinez et al, 2020). At the leaf level, another key component is the water potential at turgor‐loss point (Ψ TLP ), which is closely associated with drought tolerance and habitat water availability (Bartlett et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and functional traits jointly mediate tree water‐use strategies

et al. 2021

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Tree water use is central to plant function and ecosystem fluxes. However, it is still unknown how organ-level water-relations traits are coordinated to determine whole-tree water-use strategies in response to drought, and whether this coordination depends on climate.Here we used a global sap flow database (SAPFLUXNET) to study the response of water use, in terms of whole-tree canopy conductance (G), to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and to soil water content (SWC) for 142 tree species. We investigated the individual and coordinated effect of six water-relations traits (vulnerability to embolism, Huber value, hydraulic conductivity, turgor-loss point, rooting depth and leaf size) on water-use parameters, also accounting for the effect of tree height and climate (mean annual precipitation, MAP).Reference G and its sensitivity to VPD were tightly coordinated with water-relations traits rather than with MAP. Species with efficient xylem transport had higher canopy conductance but also higher sensitivity to VPD. Moreover, we found that angiosperms had higher reference G and higher sensitivity to VPD than did gymnosperms.Our results highlight the need to consider trait integration and reveal the complications and challenges of defining a single, whole-plant resource use spectrum ranging from 'acquisitive' to 'conservative'.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and functional traits jointly mediate tree water‐use strategies

et al. 2021

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“…We analysed phylogenetic correlation between K leaf and P50 leaf in this study, and the result indicated that there was an evolutionary integration between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety (electronic supplementary material, figure S2). A recent global phylogenetic analysis of stem hydraulic traits did not find a significant evolutionary trade-off between hydraulic conductivity and cavitation resistance at the genus level of phylogeny, because the two stem hydraulic traits depend on several anatomical properties that might not necessarily co-evolve [43]. Therefore, the evolutionary correlation between hydraulic efficiency and safety needs to be further clarified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Leaf hydraulic safety margin and safety–efficiency trade-off across angiosperm woody species

Yan

Cao

et al. 2020

Biol. Lett.

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Leaf hydraulic conductance and the vulnerability to water deficits have profound effects on plant distribution and mortality. In this study, we compiled a leaf hydraulic trait dataset with 311 species-at-site combinations from biomes worldwide. These traits included maximum leaf hydraulic conductance ( K leaf ), water potential at 50% loss of K leaf (P50 leaf ), and minimum leaf water potential ( Ψ min ). Leaf hydraulic safety margin (HSM leaf ) was calculated as the difference between Ψ min and P50 leaf . Our results indicated that 70% of the studied species had a narrow HSM leaf (less than 1 MPa), which was consistent with the global pattern of stem hydraulic safety margin. There was a positive relationship between HSM leaf and aridity index (the ratio of mean annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration), as species from humid sites tended to have larger HSM leaf . We found a significant relationship between K leaf and P50 leaf across global angiosperm woody species and within each of the different plant groups. This global analysis of leaf hydraulic traits improves our understanding of plant hydraulic response to environmental change.

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“…S6). Hence, Model 2 provides a novel view on the weak relationship between specific hydraulic conductivity and P 50 values for many angiosperm species (Hacke et al ., 2006; Loepfe et al ., 2007; Gleason et al ., 2016; Sanchez‐Martinez et al ., 2020). It would also be interesting to examine whether considerable variation in T PM and N PIT leads to considerable variation in the hydraulic resistance of pit membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore constrictions in intervessel pit membranes provide a mechanistic explanation for xylem embolism resistance in angiosperms

et al. 2021

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Embolism spreading in angiosperm xylem occurs via mesoporous pit membranes between vessels. Here, we investigate how the size of pore constrictions in pit membranes is related to pit membrane thickness and embolism resistance.Pit membranes were modelled as multiple layers to investigate how pit membrane thickness and the number of intervessel pits per vessel determine pore constriction sizes, the probability of encountering large pores, and embolism resistance. These estimations were complemented by measurements of pit membrane thickness, embolism resistance, and number of intervessel pits per vessel in stem xylem (n = 31, 31 and 20 species, respectively).The modelled constriction sizes in pit membranes decreased with increasing membrane thickness, explaining the measured relationship between pit membrane thickness and embolism resistance. The number of pits per vessel affected constriction size and embolism resistance much less than pit membrane thickness. Moreover, a strong relationship between modelled and measured embolism resistance was observed.Pore constrictions provide a mechanistic explanation for why pit membrane thickness determines embolism resistance, which suggests that hydraulic safety can be uncoupled from hydraulic efficiency. Although embolism spreading remains puzzling and encompasses more than pore constriction sizes, angiosperms are unlikely to have leaky pit membranes, which enables tensile transport of water.

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Adaptation and coordinated evolution of plant hydraulic traits

Cited by 90 publications

References 73 publications

Climate and functional traits jointly mediate tree water‐use strategies

Climate and functional traits jointly mediate tree water‐use strategies

Leaf hydraulic safety margin and safety–efficiency trade-off across angiosperm woody species

Pore constrictions in intervessel pit membranes provide a mechanistic explanation for xylem embolism resistance in angiosperms

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